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1.
Molecular Hydrogen for Outpatients with COVID-19 (Hydro-COVID): A Phase 3 Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Pragmatic, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Trial.
Gaboreau, Y, Milovančev, A, Rolland, C, Eychenne, C, Alcaraz, JP, Ihl, C, Mazet, R, Boucher, F, Vermorel, C, Ostojic, SM, et al
Journal of clinical medicine. 2024;(15)
Abstract
Background. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fatigue properties, molecular hydrogen (H2) is potentially a novel therapeutic nutrient for patients with coronavirus acute disease 2019 (COVID-19). We determined the efficacy and safety profile of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to reduce the risk of COVID-19 progression. Methods: We also conducted a phase 3, triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate treatment with HRW initiated within 5 days after the onset of signs or symptoms in primary care patients with mild-to-moderate, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Participants were randomised to receive HRW or placebo twice daily for 21 days. The incidence of clinical worsening and adverse events were the primary endpoints. Results: A total of 675 participants were followed up to day 30. HRW was not superior to placebo in preventing clinical worsening at day 14: in H2 group, 46.1% in the H2 group, 43.5% in the placebo group, hazard ratio 1.09, 90% confidence interval [0.90-1.31]. One death was reported at day 30 in the H2 group and two in the placebo group at day 30. Adverse events were reported in 91 (27%) and 89 (26.2%) participants, respectively. Conclusions: HRW taken twice daily from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms for 21 days did not reduce clinical worsening.
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2.
The "Magnificent Seven" in Oral and Systemic Health against COVID-19.
Di Domenico, M, Motta, A, Dai Prà, T, Cantore, S, Dioguardi, M, Rosalinda Zanella, E, Arrigoni, R, De Vito, D, Mastrangelo, F
Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets. 2024
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted all areas of daily life, including medical care. Unfortunately, to date, no specific treatments have been found for the cure of this disease, and therefore, it is advisable to implement all possible strategies to prevent infection. In this context, it is important to better define the role of all behaviors, in particular nutrition, in order to establish whether these can both prevent infection and improve the outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19. There is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that immune response can be weakened by inadequate nutrition. Nutrition management and treatment are very important to enhance the immune response of an infected person against RNA viral infection. A complete nutritional assessment should include anthropometric, dietary, and laboratorial assessment, as well as a multidisciplinary discussion about the patient's clinical condition. In this way, it is possible to establish an individualized nutritional approach to contribute to improving clinical and nutritional prognoses. From this point of view, diet, through intake of vitamins and trace elements and maintaining adequate functioning of the intestinal barrier, can reduce the severity of the COVID-19 infection. In this study, we provide an overview of the effects of diet on COVID-19 infection in non-cancer patients. This notion needs to be further evaluated, and thus, identification, characterization, and targeting of the right nutrition principles related to the management of patients with COVID-19 are likely to improve outcomes and may prevent the infection or lead to a cure.
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3.
Developing, translating, and validating a survey instrument for assessing hospital food service staff's food safety knowledge, perceptions, and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abdulsalam, NM, Alnomani, HB
Saudi medical journal. 2024;(1):98-103
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the food safety knowledge, perceptions, and practices (KPPs) of hospital food service staff (FSS) amidst the challenges of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS The questionnaire was subjected to a rigorous evaluation process, which included a literature review and focus groups comprising the general public, FSS, and key experts in food service. The pilot testing highlighted its utility and determined its content validity ratio (CVR). RESULTS Most items received high CVR scores of 0.96, indicating excellent content validity. A subsequent pilot study involved 40 FSS. Reliability testing, using Cronbach's alpha value of 0.914, demonstrated good internal consistency across the questionnaire scales. The final version consisted of 115 items. CONCLUSION The developed questionnaire, available in both English and Arabic, exhibits both validity and reliability. It acts as a crucial tool for healthcare facilities to assess food safety KPPs among FSS, both under regular operations and during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. This tool is adaptable to various hospital settings, aiding in the reduction of foodborne diseases risks.
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4.
Phytoconstituents as modulator of inflammatory pathways for COVID-19: A comprehensive review and recommendations.
Gupta, P, Dev, K, Kaur, G
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2024
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes disruptions in inflammatory pathways, which fundamentally contribute to COVID-19 pathophysiology. The present review critically evaluates the gaps in scientific literature and presents the current status regarding the inflammatory signaling pathways in COVID-19. We propose that phytoconstituents can be used to treat COVID-19 associated inflammation, several already formulated in traditional medications. For this purpose, extensive literature analysis was conducted in the PubMed database to collect relevant in vitro, in vivo, and human patient studies where inflammation pathways were shown to be upregulated in COVID-19. Parallelly, scientific literature was screened for phytoconstituents with known cellular mechanisms implicated for inflammation or COVID-19 associated inflammation. Studies with insufficient evidence on cellular pathways for autophagy and mitophagy were considered out of scope and excluded from the study. The final analysis was visualized in figures and evaluated for accuracy. Our findings demonstrate the frequent participation of NF-κB, a transcription factor, in inflammatory signaling pathways linked to COVID-19. Moreover, the MAPK signaling pathway is also implicated in producing inflammatory molecules. Furthermore, it was also analyzed that the phytoconstituents with flavonoid and phenolic backbones could inhibit either the TLR4 receptor or its consecutive signaling molecules, thereby, decreasing NF-κB activity and suppressing cytokine production. Although, allopathy has treated the early phase of COVID-19, anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents and existing ayurvedic formulations may act on the COVID-19 associated inflammatory pathways and provide an additional treatment strategy. Therefore, we recommend the usage of flavonoids and phenolic phytoconstituents for the treatment of inflammation associated with COVID-19 infection and similar viral ailments.
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5.
Label compliance for ingredient verification: regulations, approaches, and trends for testing botanical products marketed for "immune health" in the United States.
You, H, Abraham, EJ, Mulligan, J, Zhou, Y, Montoya, M, Willig, J, Chen, BK, Wang, CK, Wang, LS, Dong, A, et al
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2024;(9):2441-2460
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the botanical product market saw a consumer interest increase in immune health supplements. While data are currently insufficient to support public health guidance for using foods and dietary supplements to prevent or treat COVID-19 and other immune disorders, consumer surveys indicate that immune support is the second-most cited reason for supplement use in the United States. Meanwhile, consumers showed increased attention to dietary supplement ingredient labels, especially concerning authenticity and ingredient claims. Top-selling botanical ingredients such as elderberry, turmeric, and functional mushrooms have been increasingly marketed toward consumers to promote immune health, but these popular products succumb to adulteration with inaccurate labeling due to the intentional or unintentional addition of lower grade ingredients, non-target plants, and synthetic compounds, partially due to pandemic-related supply chain issues. This review highlights the regulatory requirements and recommendations for analytical approaches, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and DNA approaches for ingredient claim verification. Demonstrating elderberry, turmeric, and functional mushrooms as examples, this review aims to provide industrial professionals and scientists an overview of current United States regulations, testing approaches, and trends for label compliance verification to ensure the safety of botanical products marketed for "immune health."
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Electrochemical degradation of key drugs to treat COVID-19: Experimental analysis of the toxic by-products formation (PCDD/Fs).
Schröder, S, Ortiz, I, San-Román, MF
The Science of the total environment. 2024;:167660
Abstract
Drug consumption has grown exponentially in recent decades, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to their presence in various water sources. In this way, degradation technologies for pollutants, such as electrochemical oxidation (ELOX), have become crucial to safeguard the quality of natural resources. This study has as its starting point a previous research, which demonstrated the efficacy of ELOX in the removal of COVID-19 related-drugs, such as dexamethasone (DEX), paracetamol (PAR), amoxicillin (AMX), and sertraline (STR), using the electrolytes NaCl and Na2SO4. The present research aims to study the potential risks associated with the generation of toxic by-products, during the ELOX of cited drugs, specifically focusing on the highly chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Dioxins and furans can be formed potentially in electrochemical systems from precursor molecules or non-precursor molecules in chloride medium. First, the degradation of the parent compounds was found to be complete. At this point, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to identify and analyse the by-products formed during the degradation process; precursors of PCDD/Fs, such as chlorophenols or hydroquinones were identified. Additionally, in continuation of the previous study, PCDD/Fs congeners were investigated, revealing elevated concentrations; the highest concentration obtained was for the congener 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (234.6 pg L-1 in NaCl) during degradation of the AMX. Finally, an assessment of the toxicity based on TEQ values was conducted, with DEX exhibiting the highest concentration among all compounds: 30.1 pg L-1 for NaCl medium. Therefore, the formation of minor by-products should not be underestimated, as they can significantly enhance the toxicity of the final sample, so the selection of the appropriate remediation technology, as well as the optimization of experimental operating variables, is determining in the treatment of pharmaceutical-contaminated waters.
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The effect of a self-learned virtual learning package on knowledge, attitude, and self-care behaviors of COVID-19 in people referred to health and treatment centers.
Rakhshani, T, Dolatkhah, SM, Kashfi, SM, Khani Jeihooni, A
BMC public health. 2024;(1):1710
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is one of the most common diseases in recent years, the most important way to prevent is through self-care behaviors; therefore, it is important to these behaviors in people. According to the importance of promoting self-care behaviors of this disease, and according to the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions based on behavior change, this study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention on self-care behaviors of COVID-19 in a group of patients. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 164 people who referred to health and treatment centers in Dehdasht City, Iran. The cluster sampling method divided the participants into experimental and control groups at random (82 people for each group). Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire completed by the control and experimental groups before and three months after the intervention. The intervention program in this training group is to form a WhatsApp group and send messages in the form of audio files, text messages, text messages with photos, video messages, and PowerPoints. After creating the group and adding the participants, according to the agreement with the group members, every day of the week (8:00 am to 12:00 pm) to send educational files through the WhatsApp application. Also, the group members could ask their questions and problems to the researcher during the designated hours. The control group was also given routine care and follow-up at the centers, and no training was given regarding self-care behaviors. After entering the SPSS 24, data were analyzed by independent t, chi-square, and paired t statistical tests. RESULTS 164 individuals working in healthcare services from health and treatment centers were included in this study. Before the intervention, demographic characteristics such as marital status, education level, medical history, and smoking history were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05), as indicated by the results of chi-square tests. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and self-care behaviors between the experimental and control groups prior to the intervention (P > 0.05), according to independent t-tests. Following the intervention, notable changes were observed. The post-intervention analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, and self-care behaviors (P = 0.001). Specifically, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in these variables compared to the control group. CONCLUSION In this study, education led to the improvement of self-care behaviors in people who referred to health centers. Considering the importance of the role of health education in promoting self-care behaviors as well as preventing infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is suggested that educational interventions focus on self-care behaviors in other diseases.
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8.
Telehealth use and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Shao, Y, Shi, L, Nauman, E, Price-Haywood, E, Stoecker, C
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2024;(1):118-125
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the impact of telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic on glycaemic control and other clinical outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We used electronic health records from the Research Action for Health Network (REACHnet) database for patients with type 2 diabetes who had telehealth visits and those who only received in-person care during the pandemic. A quasi-experimental method of difference-in-difference with propensity-score weighting was implemented to mitigate selection bias and to control for observed factors related to telehealth use. Outcomes included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and other clinical measures (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and body mass index [BMI]). RESULTS Patients using telehealth had better HbA1c control compared to those receiving in-person care only during the pandemic. The telehealth group saw a significant average decrease of 0.146% (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.178% to -0.1145%; P < 0.001) in HbA1c levels over time. The proportion of patients with average HbA1c levels >7% decreased by 0.023 (95% CI -0.034, -0.011; P < 0.001) in the treatment group relative to the comparison group. Modest benefits in the control of LDL cholesterol levels, diastolic BP, and BMI were found in association with telehealth use. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that telehealth services contributed to better glycaemic control and management of other clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes during the pandemic. Factors unmeasured in this study would need to be further explored to better understand the impact of telehealth.
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The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence.
Jovanović, V, Rudnev, M, Abdelrahman, M, Abdul Kadir, NB, Adebayo, DF, Akaliyski, P, Alaseel, R, Alkamali, YA, Alonso Palacio, LM, Amin, A, et al
Psychological assessment. 2024;(1):14-29
Abstract
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Adequate serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels are correlated with low anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 Patients: An observational study.
Rachman, A, Iriani, A, Irawan, A, Juanputra, S, Betsy, R
Medicine. 2024;(37):e39252
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Abstract
The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unparalleled health emergency of global proportions. Around 31% of individuals with COVID-19 experience thrombosis associated with hypercoagulation. COVID-19 patients have shown an increase in platelet activation, but the mechanism has not been fully understood yet. One theory suggests that this could be related to the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia phenomenon, where platelet activation involves anti-PF4 antibodies that are associated with thrombosis. Vitamin D has been established to exert an influence on immunological responses and inflammation. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between serum 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels and anti-PF4 antibodies among COVID-19 patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 COVID-19 patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital and Wisma Atlit Hospital Jakarta from October 2021 to January 2022. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 15.1 ng/mL. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 patients (P = .035; R = -0.236). Remarkably, P-selectin levels were significantly higher in the moderate COVID-19 group compared to the severe group (P = .031). Serum 25(OH)D level had a significant negative correlation with anti-PF4 level in mild COVID-19 patients. Thus, it is highly recommended to ensure that serum 25(OH)D levels are maintained above 30 ng/mL. Remarkably, the P-selectin level was significantly higher in the moderate COVID-19 group compared to the severe group.