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Association of Coffee and Tea Intake with Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis.
Chen, CC, Shen, YM, Li, SB, Huang, SW, Kuo, YJ, Chen, YP
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2023;59(6)
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Osteoporosis is associated with severe complications, such as osteoporotic fracture and fracture-related functional disability. Risk factors for osteoporosis must be identified and validated at the earliest. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of coffee and tea intake with bone mass density (BMD) and hip fracture risk. This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of 106 studies. In total, 416,847 individuals (BMD related studies, 99,750 individuals; hip fracture–related studies, 408,562 individuals) were included in the final analysis. Results showed that the daily intake of caffeinated beverages, such as coffee and tea, is not associated with BMD or hip fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women. Authors concluded that their findings help reduce the inconsistency in the current literature. Furthermore, it may serve as a reference for future studies aimed at identifying the risk factor for osteoporosis.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and high bone fragility. Findings regarding the association of coffee and tea intake with osteoporosis have been inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate whether coffee and tea intake is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and high hip fracture risk. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for relevant studies published before 2022. Studies on the effects of coffee/tea intake on hip fracture/BMD were included in our meta-analysis, whereas those focusing on specific disease groups and those with no relevant coffee/tea intake data were excluded. We assessed mean difference (MD; for BMD) and pooled hazard ratio (HR; for hip fracture) values with 95% confidence interval (CI) values. The cohort was divided into high- and low-intake groups considering the thresholds of 1 and 2 cups/day for tea and coffee, respectively. Results: Our meta-analysis included 20 studies comprising 508,312 individuals. The pooled MD was 0.020 for coffee (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.044) and 0.039 for tea (95% CI, -0.012 to 0.09), whereas the pooled HR was 1.008 for coffee (95% CI, 0.760 to 1.337) and 0.93 for tea (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis results suggest that daily coffee or tea consumption is not associated with BMD or hip fracture risk.