1.
Uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as related to yield advantage in maize-soybean intercropping under different row configurations.
Fan, Y, Wang, Z, Liao, D, Raza, MA, Wang, B, Zhang, J, Chen, J, Feng, L, Wu, X, Liu, C, et al
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):9504
Abstract
Intercropping advantage occurs only when each species has adequate time and space to maximize cooperation and minimize competition between them. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years between 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effects of maize and soybean relay strip intercropping systems on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The treatments included "40:160" (T1, maize narrow and wide row spacing of 40 and 160 cm, where two rows of soybean with a 40 cm row were planted in the wide rows. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean both were 50% of the every experimental block), "80:120" (T2, maize narrow and wide row spacing of 80 and 120 cm, the soybean planting was the same as T1 treatment. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean were 60% and 40% of the every experimental block), "100:100" (T3, one row of maize and one row of soybean with a 100-cm row. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean was the same as T1 treatment), sole cropping of maize (CK1, The area occupation ratio of maize was 100% of the every experimental block), and sole cropping of soybean (CK2, The area occupation ratio of soybean was 100% of the every experimental block). The results show that, compared with the sole cropping system (sole maize), the economic yields in T1, T2, and T3 treatments increased by 761, 536, and 458 kg·ha-1, respectively, and the biological yields increased by 2410, 2127, and 1588 kg·ha-1. The uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in T1, T2, and T3 treatments were significantly higher than those in sole crops, and the nutrient advantage is mainly due to nutrient uptake rather than nutrient use efficiency. The land equivalent ratio values in T1, T2, and T3 treatments were 1.43, 1.32, and 1.20, respectively. In particular, the economic and biological yield in T1 treatment exhibited potential as an intercropping pattern.
2.
Association of Low Serum Potassium Levels and Risk for All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Zhang, Y, Chen, P, Chen, J, Wang, L, Wei, Y, Xu, D
Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy. 2019;(1):22-31
Abstract
Dyskalemia is a risk factor for mortality in patients without CKD, but the effect of hypokalemia in patients with CKD remains uncertain. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Ovid databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2017 for studies that reported all-cause and cardiovascular mortality or events in patients with CKD (any stage). Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% CI were calculated. A total of 11 clinical studies enrolling 57 234 subjects with CKD were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with control serum potassium (SK) levels, low SK (SK <4.0 mEq/L) was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in a random-effects model (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.25-1.97). Moderate low SK (<3.5 mEq/L) increased risk of all-cause mortality by 105%. Mild low SK (3.5~4.0 mEq/L) also increased all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.26). Low SK was also associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.22-1.62) and ESRD risk (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18-1.54). SK <4.0 mEq/L was associated with higher mortality risk in CKD patients, especially in those with SK <3.5 mEq/L. Additional prospective studies will be necessary to explore this relationship, as well as whether correcting hypokalemia decreases mortality in patients with CKD.
3.
Association between Blood Potassium Level and Recovery of Postoperative Gastrointestinal Motility during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patient Undergoing Open Abdominal Surgery.
Yang, Y, Yang, J, Yao, X, Cui, Y, Lang, X, Wu, B, Zhang, P, Chen, J
BioMed research international. 2019;:6392751
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify the blood potassium level beneficial to the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patient undergoing open abdominal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS 538 critically ill patients after open abdominal surgery and receiving CRRT were retrospectively recruited as the study cohort. Demographic and clinical data were recorded along with an evaluation of the postoperative gastrointestinal motility. RESULTS Correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation coefficient, and then the variables with correlation coefficient value less than 0.5 were included in the binary logistic regression model. Binary logistic regression model indicated that the postoperative blood potassium level was independently associated with the recovery of gastrointestinal motility (OR=0.109, 95% CI= 0.063 to 0.190, p<0.001). Based on the normal range of blood potassium level, we selected the cut-off point of blood potassium level via Weight of Evidence analysis, which was 4.00 mmol/L. Compared with the patients with insufficient blood potassium levels (plasma potassium concentration < 4.00 mmol/L), those with sufficient blood potassium levels (plasma potassium concentration≥ 4.00 mmol/L) conferred an increase in the rate of 4-day postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility (OR= 4.425, 95% CI = 2.933 to 6.667, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Maintaining the blood potassium concentrations at a relatively high level of the normal blood potassium range during CRRT would be beneficial to postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal motility.
4.
Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and CKD Progression.
He, J, Mills, KT, Appel, LJ, Yang, W, Chen, J, Lee, BT, Rosas, SE, Porter, A, Makos, G, Weir, MR, et al
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2016;(4):1202-12
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Abstract
CKD is a major risk factor for ESRD, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Whether dietary sodium and potassium intake affect CKD progression remains unclear. We prospectively studied the association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with CKD progression and all-cause mortality among 3939 patients with CKD in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured using three 24-hour urine specimens, and CKD progression was defined as incident ESRD or halving of eGFR. During follow-up, 939 CKD progression events and 540 deaths occurred. Compared with the lowest quartile of urinary sodium excretion (<116.8 mmol/24 h), hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quartile of urinary sodium excretion (≥194.6 mmol/24 h) were 1.54 (1.23 to 1.92) for CKD progression, 1.45 (1.08 to 1.95) for all-cause mortality, and 1.43 (1.18 to 1.73) for the composite outcome of CKD progression and all-cause mortality after adjusting for multiple covariates, including baseline eGFR. Additionally, compared with the lowest quartile of urinary potassium excretion (<39.4 mmol/24 h), hazard ratios for the highest quartile of urinary potassium excretion (≥67.1 mmol/24 h) were 1.59 (1.25 to 2.03) for CKD progression, 0.98 (0.71 to 1.35) for all-cause mortality, and 1.42 (1.15 to 1.74) for the composite outcome. These data indicate that high urinary sodium and potassium excretion are associated with increased risk of CKD progression. Clinical trials are warranted to test the effect of sodium and potassium reduction on CKD progression.