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Is use of vitamin K antagonists associated with the risk of prostate cancer?: A meta-analysis.
Luo, JD, Luo, J, Lai, C, Chen, J, Meng, HZ
Medicine. 2018;(49):e13489
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) may have potential antitumor effects in prostate cancer. However, the findings of observational studies are inconsistent. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the quantitative association between VKAs use and prostate cancer risk by combining the results of all eligible observational studies. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science database were searched from inception until May, 2018. A DerSimonian random-effects model was used to combine the studies. Study heterogeneity was measured using the chi-squared and I statistics. RESULTS Six eligible studies were eventually included in our meta-analysis. There was an inverse but not statistically significant association between ever use of VKAs and the risk of prostate cancer (relative risk [RR] 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-1.01, P = .063) with large heterogeneity across studies (P < .001 for heterogeneity, I = 94.6%). When analysis restricted to long term of VKAs user (>3 years), the pooled risk estimate was 0.83 (0.77-0.90) without obvious heterogeneity (P = .597, I = 0.0%). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that VKAs use may be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer, especially in long-term users.
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An Up-to-date Meta-analysis of Coffee Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer.
Xia, J, Chen, J, Xue, JX, Yang, J, Wang, ZJ
Urology journal. 2017;(5):4079-4088
Abstract
PURPOSE Results of the association between coffee consumption (CC) and the risk of prostate cancer (PC) are still controversy. Based on published relevant studies, we conducted an up-to-date meta-analysis to investigatethis issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocol used in this article is in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. Eligible studies were screened and retrieved by using PUBMED and EMBASE as well as manual review of references up to July 2016. We calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) with random effect models. The dose-response relationship was assessed by generalized least-squares trend estimation analysis. RESULTS Totally, we included twenty-eight studies (14 case-control and 14 cohort studies) on CC with 42399 PC patients for the final meta-analysis. No significant association of PC was found for high versus non/lowestCC, with RR = 1.07 (95% CI: 0.96-1.18). In subgroup meta-analysis by study design, there were no significant positive associations between CC and PC in case-control studies (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.35) or in the cohort studies (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.84-1.12). Additionally, RR with different quality of studies were respectively 1.15 (95% CI: 0.99-1.34) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.03-1.58) for high and low quality in the case-control studies; while were respectively 1.02 (95% CI: 0.88-1.20) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.57-1.14) in the cohort studies. When analyzed by geographic area, we found no association between CC and PC, with RR = 1.06 (95% CI: 0.86-1.30) for 10 studies from Europe, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94-1.20) for 13 studies conducted in America; 1.12 (95% CI: 0.70-1.79) for 4 studiesfrom Asia. However, in subgroup analysis by subtype of the disease, there was a significant negative (beneficial) association in the localized PC (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.97), but not for the advanced PC (RR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.70-1.16). Additionally, RR = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99) for an increment of one cup per day of coffee intake shows significant association with the localized PC. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CC has no harmful effect on PC. On the contrary, it has an effect on reducing the localized PC risk. Further prospective cohort studies of high quality are required to clarify this relationship.
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Polymorphic variants in PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: results from two large nested case-control studies.
Danforth, KN, Hayes, RB, Rodriguez, C, Yu, K, Sakoda, LC, Huang, WY, Chen, BE, Chen, J, Andriole, GL, Calle, EE, et al
Carcinogenesis. 2008;(3):568-72
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been hypothesized to increase prostate cancer risk. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) encodes the proinflammatory cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme believed to be the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of prostaglandins, important mediators of inflammation. We investigated associations between PTGS2 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk among 2321 prostate cancer cases and 2560 controls in two large case-control studies nested within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs5277, rs20432, rs4648276, rs5275 and rs689470) were examined in SNP and haplotype analyses (five SNPs in PLCO and four SNPs in the Nutrition Cohort). In PLCO, the Ex10 +837 T>C marker (rs5275) was initially associated with prostate cancer risk (P-trend = 0.02) but became non-significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (P = 0.08); this SNP showed no association with prostate cancer risk in the Nutrition Cohort (P-trend = 0.54) or in an analysis pooling the two cohorts (P-trend = 0.20). No other SNP was associated with prostate cancer risk in PLCO or the Nutrition Cohort individually or combined. Haplotype analyses suggested an association between PTGS2 variants in PLCO alone (global P = 0.007), but not in the Nutrition Cohort (global P = 0.78) or pooled analysis (global P = 0.18). In conclusion, despite the potential importance of inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis, results from our large study of five PTGS2 SNPs does not support a strong association between PTGS2 variants and prostate cancer risk in non-Hispanic white men.
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Weekly paclitaxel and high-dose 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer: in vitro combined effects and a phase II trial.
Lin, CC, Hsu, CH, Hour, TC, Cheng, AL, Huang, CY, Huang, KH, Chen, J, Pu, YS
Urologic oncology. 2007;(3):207-13
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil have been used to treat hormone-refractory prostate cancer with some success. In vitro data suggest that the combined cytotoxicity may be sequence dependent. Thus, we explored the combined effects of the 2 agents, both in vitro and in vivo. PATIENTS AND METHODS The combined cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil, and the possible schedule dependence were studied in vitro using PC-3 and DU145 cells and the microculture tetrazolium assay. There were 23 patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer treated with the regimen T-HDFL: paclitaxel 90 mg/m2 intravenously 1 hour on days 1 and 8; 5-fluorouracil 2000 mg/m2; and leucovorin 300 mg/m2 intravenous 24-hour infusion on days 2 and 9, which repeated every 21 days. The allowed percentage of bone marrow irradiation was 50%. RESULTS Significant synergistic cytotoxicity was seen only when paclitaxel was given 24 hours before 5-fluorouracil. With the T-HDFL regimen, 11 (52%) of the 21 evaluable patients had > or = 50% reduction of prostate-specific antigen, lasting for 6 weeks. Of the 7 patients with measurable disease, 2 had a partial response. Median overall survival was 14.1 months. Grade III/IV leukopenia occurred in 2 patients. There was no treatment-related death. Toxicities were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The combined cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil is schedule dependent. It is feasible to administer weekly paclitaxel and high-dose 5-fluorouracil infusions in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Our findings may serve as an important rationale for future trial design.
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[Brachytherapy combined with external beam radiation in localized prostate cancer].
Matzkin, H, Mabjeesh, N, Stenger, A, Agai, R, Chen, J, Inbar, M
Harefuah. 2006;(1):8-12, 80
Abstract
BACKGROUND & RATIONALE A combination of brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy is one treatment option for localized moderately to poorly differentiated prostate cancer. This article presents initial Israeli experience with this treatment option. METHODS In the last 6 years, 56 men were treated with a combination of internal brachytherapy, external beam radiation and 6 months adjuvant hormonotherapy. All were prospectively followed while using validated questionnaires to assess urinary morbidity and sexual function. RESULTS Treatment was well tolerated by all. None had grade 2-3 rectal morbidity. Mild to moderate urinary morbidity was seen in most, not different than seen in radiation therapy when given as monotherapy. Sexual function was only mildly affected. Biochemical NED (PSA based) rates albeit for a rather short follow-up period, were similar to those seen when utilizing other radical treatment options. CONCLUSIONS Combining I125-brachytherapy with external beam radiation together with a short course of hormonotherapy results in acceptable morbidity and good biochemical outcome. This option should be offered to selected patients with higher grade localized prostate cancer, when other options are less optimal.
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Iodine-125 brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer and urinary morbidity: a prospective comparison of two seed implant methods-preplanning and intraoperative planning.
Matzkin, H, Kaver, I, Stenger, A, Agai, R, Esna, N, Chen, J
Urology. 2003;(3):497-502
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare morbidity between two currently used iodine-125 seed implantation techniques for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. METHODS Iodine-125 brachytherapy was used in 300 consecutive men with localized prostate cancer. Two seed implant techniques were used: preplanning, using preloaded needles, and intraoperative planning, using a Mick applicator. A comparison was made between the groups for urinary morbidity. The International Prostate Symptom Score was assessed prospectively among all patients. Computed tomography-based implant quality parameters were correlated with lower urinary system morbidity. RESULTS The median follow-up was 30 months. In both treatment groups, the International Prostate Symptom Score increased significantly for about 9 to 12 months and returned to baseline thereafter. The International Prostate Symptom Scores reached a higher level and remained at a higher level for a longer period in the intraoperative group. Although the differences were statistically significant, they were of mild clinical importance. Overall, the incidence of acute retention and the need for surgery was very low in both groups (2% and 1%, respectively). No differences were noted between the two groups. Significantly better computed tomography-based implant dosimetry parameters were noted with the intraoperative method. A positive correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the dosimetry parameters and symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study reports the first large-scale comparison of urologic outcomes after two different seed implant techniques. Both were associated with very low urinary retention rates or other grade 3 or greater urologic morbidity. Almost all men had worse urinary symptoms for the first 6 to 9 months, regardless of the seed implant technique used. Patients treated with the intraoperative method demonstrated toxicity for a longer duration. Because of the much better gland isodose coverage and greater doses delivered in the intraoperative seed implantation, we favor this method.