1.
C-peptide, glycaemic control, and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world study.
Huang, Y, Wang, Y, Liu, C, Zhou, Y, Wang, X, Cheng, B, Kui, C, Wang, Y
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2022;(4):e3514
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between C-peptide and glycaemic control rate and diabetic complications (microvascular complication and cerebral infarction) and provide evidence for stratified treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-based C-peptide. METHOD This is a cross-sectional real-world observational study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we studied 1377 patients with T2DM, grouped by fasting C-peptide and HOMA-IR. Blood samples were collected after fasting overnight. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship among fasting C-peptide, HOMA-IR, C2/C0 ratio (the ratio of 2 h postprandial C-peptide to fasting C-peptide), glycaemic control rate, and occurrence of diabetic complications. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves based on logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between C-peptide, glycaemic control rate, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RESULTS Patients were subdivided according to their fasting C-peptide in 4 groups (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4). Patients of group Q3 (1.71 ≤ C-peptide < 2.51 ng/ml) showed the lowest incidence of DKD, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and rate of insulin absorption as welll as higher glycaemic control rate. Logistic regression shows that the probability of reaching glycemic control increased with higher levels of C-peptide, compared with group Q1, after adjusting for age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein. RCS curve shows that, when C-peptide is ≤2.68 ng/ml, the incidence of not reaching glycaemic control decreases with increasing C-peptide. The possibility of not reaching glycaemic control decreased with increasing C2/C0, when C-peptide is ≥1.71 ng/ml. RCS curve shows that the relationship between C-peptide and DKD follows a U-style curve. When C-peptide is <2.84 ng/ml, the incidence of DKD decreased with increasing C-peptide. With the increase in the C2/C0 ratio, the incidence of DKD, DR, and fatty liver did not decrease. CONCLUSION When C-peptide is ≥ 1.71 and < 2.51 ng/ml, patients with T2DM had a higher glycemic control rate. Excessive C-peptide plays different roles in DKD and DR; C-peptide may promote the incidence of DKD but protects patients from DR. Higher C2/C0 ratio is important for reaching glycaemic control but cannot reduce the risk of DKD, DR, and fatty liver.
2.
Dietary Habit Is Associated with Depression and Intelligence: An Observational and Genome-Wide Environmental Interaction Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort.
Cheng, B, Chu, X, Yang, X, Wen, Y, Jia, Y, Liang, C, Yao, Y, Ye, J, Cheng, S, Liu, L, et al
Nutrients. 2021;(4)
Abstract
Dietary habits have considerable impact on brain development and mental health. Despite long-standing interest in the association of dietary habits with mental health, few population-based studies of dietary habits have assessed depression and fluid intelligence. Our aim is to investigate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence. In total, 814 independent loci were utilized to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 143 dietary habit-related traits. The individual genotype data were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. Regression analyses were then conducted to evaluate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence, respectively. PLINK 2.0 was utilized to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) × dietary habit interaction effect on the risks of depression and fluid intelligence. We detected 22 common dietary habit-related traits shared by depression and fluid intelligence, such as red wine glasses per month, and overall alcohol intake. For interaction analysis, we detected that OLFM1 interacted with champagne/white wine in depression, while SYNPO2 interacted with coffee type in fluid intelligence. Our study results provide novel useful information for understanding how eating habits affect the fluid intelligence and depression.
3.
Association of lipid levels with motor and cognitive function and decline in advanced Parkinson's disease in the Mark-PD study.
Choe, CU, Petersen, E, Lezius, S, Cheng, B, Schulz, R, Buhmann, C, Pötter-Nerger, M, Daum, G, Blankenberg, S, Gerloff, C, et al
Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2021;:5-10
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In prospective cohort studies different blood lipid fractions have been identified as risk factors of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, data relating lipoproteins to disease phenotypes and progression in advanced PD patients are sparse. Therefore, we assessed the most common lipoproteins in a case-control design and evaluated their associations with motor and cognitive function and decline in PD patients. METHODS Triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) were analyzed in 294 PD patients of the MARK-PD study cohort and 588 controls matched for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. In PD patients, motor (MDS-UPDRS III, Hoehn-Yahr stage) and cognitive function (MoCA) were examined. In a sub-cohort (n = 98 patients), baseline lipid levels were correlated with motor and cognitive disease progression during a follow-up period of 523 ± 199 days. RESULTS At baseline, HDL-C levels were lower in PD patients compared to matched controls after adjustment. We observed a very weak association of Lp(a) levels with UDPRS III scores. In cross-sectional analyses, no other lipid fraction revealed a significant and consistent association with motor or cognitive function. During follow-up, no lipid fraction level was associated with motor or cognitive progression. CONCLUSION In advanced PD, there is no strong and consistent association of lipid levels with motor or cognitive function and decline.