1.
Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.
Ruan, Y, Tang, J, Guo, X, Li, K, Li, D
Current Alzheimer research. 2018;(9):869-876
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies showed that dietary fat intake is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia risk, however, the association remain inconsistent. This metaanalysis aimed to systematically examine the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. METHODS We have systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 1st 2017. Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported on the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus lowest category were pooled by using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 8630 participants and 633 cases from four independent prospective cohort studies were included in the present meta-analysis. A higher dietary saturated fat intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of 39% and 105% for AD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94) and dementia (RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.98), respectively. Dose-response analysis indicated a 4 g/day increment of saturated fat intake was related to 15% higher risk of AD (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31). However, there was no significant association found between dietary intake of total, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fat and AD or dementia risk. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides significant evidence of positive association between higher saturated fat intake and AD and dementia risk.
2.
Postprandial Saturated Fatty Acids Increase the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study in a Chinese Population.
Wang, Y, Meng, X, Deng, X, Okekunle, AP, Wang, P, Zhang, Q, Ding, L, Guo, X, Lv, M, Sun, C, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2018;(4):1438-1446
Abstract
CONTEXT Experimental evidence suggests saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are associated with insulin resistance, but results from epidemiological studies on fasting SFAs-diabetes risk are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We investigated SFA (fasting and 2-hour postprandial) profiles and diabetes risk. DESIGN SETTING A total of 8940 participants were recruited for the Harbin People's Health Study in 2008. Serum SFAs (fasting and 2-hour postprandial) at baseline in Chinese men and women without diabetes were profiled, and type 2 diabetes was ascertained using World Health Organization criteria after 4 to 7 years of follow-up. OUTCOME Associations between 2-hour postprandial SFA (2h-SFA) and diabetes. RESULTS At baseline, incident cases of diabetes were older with a higher body mass index and waist circumference. After a mean follow-up of 6.7 years, 658 incident cases of diabetes occurred. After propensity score computation and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) estimation, fasting SFAs were unrelated to diabetes risk but IPTW-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest tertile of 2-hour postprandial stearic acid (2h-SA), 2-hour postprandial palmitic acid (2h-PA), and 2h-SFA for diabetes risk were 2.50 (2.08 to 3.16), 1.56 (1.23 to 2.02), and 1.70 (1.34 to 2.17), respectively (P-trend < 0.0001). Similarly, 2h-SA/fasting SA, 2h-PA/fasting PA, and 2h-SFA/fasting SFA ratios [IPTW-adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.94 (2.39 to 3.58), 2.31 (1.80 to 2.93), and 2.42 (1.91 to 3.11), respectively; P-trend < 0.0001] predicted the diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum 2h-SFA (but not fasting SFA) independently predicted diabetes risk.