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The effects of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
Li, G, Feng, H, Mao, XL, Deng, YJ, Wang, XB, Zhang, Q, Guo, Y, Xiao, SM
Journal of translational medicine. 2023;21(1):442
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an endocrine and metabolic disease, is influenced by host physiology and environmental factors. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the maintenance of host homeostasis and pathogenesis of T2DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a probiotic intervention on glycaemic control in T2DM patients and to evaluate the variations in these effects due to participant characteristics and intervention characteristics. This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of thirty randomised-controlled studies including a total of 1,827 individuals. Results showed that probiotic supplementation had favourable effects on glycaemic control in T2DM patients. Bifdobacterium and food-type probiotics had greater glucose-lowering effects than other probiotic genera and types of vehicles used to deliver the probiotics. Authors concluded that the administration of probiotics may be a promising adjuvant therapy for glycaemic control in T2DM patients.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the data from the randomised clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS PubMed, Web of Sciences, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from the inception to October 2022, and RCTs about probiotics and T2DM were collected. The standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the effects of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control related parameters, e.g. fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Thirty RCTs including 1,827 T2MD patients were identified. Compared with the placebo group, the probiotics supplementation group had a significant decrease in the parameters of glycaemic control, including FBG (SMD = - 0.331, 95% CI - 0.424 to - 0.238, Peffect < 0.001), insulin (SMD = - 0.185, 95% CI - 0.313 to - 0.056, Peffect = 0.005), HbA1c (SMD = - 0.421, 95% CI - 0.584 to - 0.258, Peffect < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (SMD = - 0.224, 95% CI - 0.342 to - 0.105, Peffect < 0.001). Further subgroup analyses showed that the effect was larger in the subgroups of Caucasians, high baseline body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), Bifidobacterium and food-type probiotics (Psubgroup < 0.050). CONCLUSION This study supported that probiotics supplementation had favourable effects on glycaemic control in T2DM patients. It may be a promising adjuvant therapy for patients with T2DM.
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Physical exercise, gut, gut microbiota, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Chen, J, Guo, Y, Gui, Y, Xu, D
Lipids in health and disease. 2018;17(1):17
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as heart attacks and strokes, are the leading cause for mortality worldwide. Many studies have shown beneficial effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular risk factors, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, abdominal obesity and diabetes. However, some of the mechanisms, by which these beneficial effects occur, are not well understood. It is believed that gut microbiota, affected by physical exercise, altering the intestinal environment, plays a role. This review paper summarised the current understanding on the effects of physical exercise on CVD, through its effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal function. The authors reviewed animal and human studies looking at how various types of exercise, such as high-intensity interval training (mice), running (rats and mice) and rugby (humans), affect diversity and distribution of microbes, metabolites produced by microbiota, intestinal wall integrity and systemic inflammation. Based on the reviewed papers, the authors concluded that, although further research is warranted, many studies confirm the premise that physical exercise can prevent CVD through modifying gut microbiota and alleviating systemic inflammation.
Abstract
Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its risk can be independently decreased by regular physical activity. Recently, ASCVD and its risk factors were found to be impacted by the gut microbiota through its diversity, distribution and metabolites. Meanwhile, several experiments demonstrated the relationship between physical exercise and diversity, distribution, metabolite of the gut microbiota as well as its functions on the lipid metabolism and chronic systematic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of physical exercise on ASCVD through modulation of the gut microbiota and intestinal function.