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Study on the effect of whole-course education and nursing mode on quality of life and blood glucose level of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Huang, J, Yang, Y, Yang, M, Liu, X, Wang, J, Huang, Y
Minerva medica. 2021;(5):674-676
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Effects of branched-chain amino acids on glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic men and women: a randomized, crossover study.
Woo, SL, Yang, J, Hsu, M, Yang, A, Zhang, L, Lee, RP, Gilbuena, I, Thames, G, Huang, J, Rasmussen, A, et al
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2019;(6):1569-1577
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are elevated in obese, insulin-resistant individuals. However, it is not known if supplementation of additional BCAAs will further impair glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effects of BCAA supplementation on glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic individuals. METHODS This is a randomized crossover study involving 12 obese individuals with prediabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a daily supplement containing either 20 g BCAA or protein low in BCAAs for 4 wk with a 2-wk washout in between. At each visit, an oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Collected blood samples were used to measure glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance-associated biomarkers. RESULTS BCAA supplementation tended to decrease the plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) measured by the OGTT (AUC percentage change from supplementation baseline, BCAA -3.3% ± 3%; low-BCAA: 10.0% ± 6%; P = 0.08). However, BCAA supplementation did not affect plasma insulin during OGTT challenge (BCAA: -3.9% ± 8%; low-BCAA: 14.8% ± 10%; P = 0.28). The plasma concentrations of nerve growth factor (BCAA: 4.0 ± 1 pg/mL; low-BCAA: 5.7 ± 1 pg/mL; P = 0.01) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (BCAA: -0.4% ± 9%; low-BCAA: 29.0% ± 18%; P = 0.02) were significantly lowered by BCAA supplementation compared to low-BCAA control. Plasma interleukin 1β was significantly elevated by BCAA supplementation (BCAA: 231.4% ± 187%; low-BCAA: 20.6% ± 33%; P = 0.05). BCAA supplementation did not affect the circulating concentrations of the BCAAs leucine (BCAA: 9.0% ± 12%; low-BCAA: 9.2% ± 11%), valine (BCAA: 9.1% ± 11%; low-BCAA: 12.0% ± 13%), or isoleucine (BCAA: 2.5% ± 11%; low-BCAA: 7.3% ± 11%). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BCAA supplementation did not impair glucose metabolism in obese, prediabetic subjects. Further studies are needed to confirm the results seen in the present study. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03715010.
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Efficacy and safety of Rhizoma curcumea longae with respect to improving the glucose metabolism of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Huang, J, Qin, S, Huang, L, Tang, Y, Ren, H, Hu, H
Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association. 2019;(5):591-606
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evidence suggests that curcuminoids, as a natural polyphenol, can provide support for cardioprotection and glucose metabolism. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of curcumin with respect to improving glucose metabolism in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase) were searched up to June 2018. The inclusion criteria included (i) randomised controlled trials (RCT) and (ii) subjects with risk factors for cardiovascular disease supplemented with curcumin and curcuminoids. A random-effects model and a standardised mean difference with a 95% confidence interval were used to perform quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects. RESULTS Fourteen eligible RCT with 1277 subjects were included. In the overall analyses, curcumin led to significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The subgroup analyses suggested that curcumin or combined curcuminoids were more effective at reducing FBG and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients than in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Supplementation with curcuminoids at doses ≥300 mg day-1 showed significant decreases in FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-IR. The effects of supplementation on FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were more significant over long periods (≥12 weeks) than short periods. Curcumin and curcuminoids were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin or combined curcuminoids could exert cardioprotective effects in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease by improving glucose metabolism. However, further high-quality studies and larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.
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Multiple nonglycemic genomic loci are newly associated with blood level of glycated hemoglobin in East Asians.
Chen, P, Takeuchi, F, Lee, JY, Li, H, Wu, JY, Liang, J, Long, J, Tabara, Y, Goodarzi, MO, Pereira, MA, et al
Diabetes. 2014;(7):2551-62
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Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used as a measure of glycemic control and also as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. To discover novel loci harboring common variants associated with HbA1c in East Asians, we conducted a meta-analysis of 13 genome-wide association studies (GWAS; N = 21,026). We replicated our findings in three additional studies comprising 11,576 individuals of East Asian ancestry. Ten variants showed associations that reached genome-wide significance in the discovery data set, of which nine (four novel variants at TMEM79 [P value = 1.3 × 10(-23)], HBS1L/MYB [8.5 × 10(-15)], MYO9B [9.0 × 10(-12)], and CYBA [1.1 × 10(-8)] as well as five variants at loci that had been previously identified [CDKAL1, G6PC2/ABCB11, GCK, ANK1, and FN3KI]) showed consistent evidence of association in replication data sets. These variants explained 1.76% of the variance in HbA1c. Several of these variants (TMEM79, HBS1L/MYB, CYBA, MYO9B, ANK1, and FN3K) showed no association with either blood glucose or type 2 diabetes. Among individuals with nondiabetic levels of fasting glucose (<7.0 mmol/L) but elevated HbA1c (≥6.5%), 36.1% had HbA1c <6.5% after adjustment for these six variants. Our East Asian GWAS meta-analysis has identified novel variants associated with HbA1c as well as demonstrated that the effects of known variants are largely transferable across ethnic groups. Variants affecting erythrocyte parameters rather than glucose metabolism may be relevant to the use of HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes in these populations.
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Humalog Mix25 offers better mealtime glycemic control in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Malone, JK, Yang, H, Woodworth, JR, Huang, J, Campaigne, BN, Halle, JP, Yale, JF, Grossman, LD
Diabetes & metabolism. 2000;(6):481-7
Abstract
To compare the postprandial glucodynamics of Humalog Mix25, (Humalog Mix75/25 in the US; Mix25), to human insulin 30/70 (Humulin 70/30 in the US; 30/70) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Ninety-three patients with type 1 diabetes and 84 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated in two separate but identical protocols using a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, crossover design. Patients consumed test meals 5 minutes after equal doses of Mix25 or 30/70. Plasma glucose was measured at baseline and 15 minute intervals for 4 hours after the meal. Two-hour postprandial glucose (2pp), 2-hour glucose excursion (2pp(ex) ), glucose versus time area under the curve 0 to 4 hours (AUC(0-4) ) and glucose excursion area under the curve 0 to 2 and 0 to 4 hours (AUCex(0-2), AUCex(0-4) ) were calculated. For the combined patient population, Mix25 resulted in significantly lower 2pp (12.45 +/- 3.59 vs. 13.47 +/- 3.62 mmol/L; p <0.001), AUC(0-4) (44.45 +/- 12.20 vs. 47.25 +/- 11.97 mmol x h/L; p <0.001), and glucose excursion parameters: 2pp(ex) (3.20 +/- 2.72 vs. 4.40 +/- 2.81 mmol/L; p <0.001), AUCex(0-2) (5.45 +/- 3.15 vs 6.60 +/- 3.13 mmol x h/L; p <0.001), and AUCex(0-4) (7.57 +/- 8.37 vs. 11.02 +/- 8.47 mmol x h/L; p <0.001) compared to 30/70. Further analysis of the treatment by type of diabetes indicated that Mix25 provided nearly identical glucose excursion responses in type 1 and type 2 diabetes up to 2 hours after the test meal, in contrast to 30/70. Pre-meal injection of Mix25 resulted in lower postprandial blood glucose levels compared to 30/70. The postprandial blood glucose response following Mix25 was similar in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.