1.
Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: JACC Focus Seminar.
Jenkins, DJA, Spence, JD, Giovannucci, EL, Kim, YI, Josse, RG, Vieth, R, Sahye-Pudaruth, S, Paquette, M, Patel, D, Blanco Mejia, S, et al
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021;(4):423-436
Abstract
This is an update of the previous 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality. New randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were identified by searching the Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and data were analyzed using random effects models and classified by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation approach. This updated review shows similar findings to the previous report for preventive benefits from both folic acid and B vitamins for stroke and has been graded with moderate quality. No effect was seen for the commonly used multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C, and an increased risk was seen with niacin (with statin) for all-cause mortality. Conclusive evidence for the benefit of supplements across different dietary backgrounds, when the nutrient is sufficient, has not been demonstrated.
2.
Prospective Association of the Portfolio Diet with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Risk in the Mr. OS and Ms. OS Study.
Lo, K, Glenn, AJ, Yeung, S, Kendall, CWC, Sievenpiper, JL, Jenkins, DJA, Woo, J
Nutrients. 2021;(12)
Abstract
The Portfolio Diet has demonstrated its cardiovascular benefit from interventions, but the association between Portfolio Diet adherence and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality has not been examined in Chinese population. The present study has collected Portfolio Diet adherence (assessed by food frequency questionnaire), lifestyle factors and mortality status of 3991 participants in the Mr. Osteoporosis (OS) and Ms. OS Study. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between the Portfolio Diet adherence and mortality risk (all-cause, cardiovascular disease or cancer). The highest quartile of the Portfolio Diet score was associated with a 28% lower risk of all-cause (hazard ratio, HR: 0.72) and cancer (HR: 0.72) mortality, respectively. The association between Portfolio Diet adherence and cardiovascular disease mortality did not reach statistical significance (HR: 0.90, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.26). Among male participants, the highest adherence to the Portfolio Diet was also associated with a lower risk of all-cause (HR: 0.63) and cancer mortality (HR: 0.59), and there was an inverse association between food sources of plant protein and the risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.50). However, most associations between the Portfolio Diet and mortality were not significant among females. The protection for cancer mortality risk might reach the plateau at the highest adherence to the Portfolio Diet for females. To conclude, greater adherence to the Portfolio Diet was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality in Hong Kong older adults, and the associations appeared stronger among males.
3.
Effect of Current Dietary Recommendations on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
Jenkins, DJA, Boucher, BA, Ashbury, FD, Sloan, M, Brown, P, El-Sohemy, A, Hanley, AJ, Willett, W, Paquette, M, de Souza, RJ, et al
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;(9):1103-1112
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary recommendations emphasize increased consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole grain cereals for prevention of chronic disease. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effect of dietary advice and/or food provision on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS Healthy overweight men (n = 209) and women (n = 710), mean age 44.7 years, body mass index [BMI] 32.4 kg/m2, were randomized between November 2005 and August 2009 to receive Health Canada's food guide (control, n = 486) or 1 of 3 interventions: dietary advice consistent with both Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and dietary portfolio principles (n = 145); weekly food provision reflecting this advice (n = 148); or food delivery plus advice (n = 140). Interventions lasted 6 months with 12-month follow-up. Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires and fasting blood, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months. RESULTS Participant retention at 6 and 18 months was 91% and 81%, respectively, after food provision compared to 67% and 57% when no food was provided (p < 0.0001). Test and control treatments showed small reductions in body weight (-0.8 to -1.2 kg), waist circumference (-1.1 to -1.9 cm), and mean arterial pressure (0.0 to -1.1 mm Hg) at 6 months and Framingham coronary heart disease risk score at 18 months (-0.19 to -0.42%), which were significant overall. Outcomes did not differ among test and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Provision of foods increased retention but only modestly increased intake of recommended foods. Current dietary recommendations showed small overall benefits in coronary heart disease risk factors. Additional dietary strategies to maximize these benefits are required. (Fruits, Vegetables, and Whole Grains: A Community-based Intervention; NCT00516620).