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Effects of dairy products on bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Shi, Y, Zhan, Y, Chen, Y, Jiang, Y
Archives of osteoporosis. 2020;(1):48
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of dairy products on bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS The EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size. Subgroup analysis and Begg's test were conducted. RESULTS Six studies with a total of 618 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Milk was the main dairy product used in the trials. There was a significant association between dairy product consumption and BMD of the lumbar spine (SMD 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.37, P = 0.009), femoral neck (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.19-0.53, P < 0.001), total hip (SMD 0.37, 95% CI 0.20-0.55, P < 0.001), and total body (SMD 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.77, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis suggested that there was a positive effect of dairy product consumption on the BMD of the total hip starting from 12 months and the femoral neck starting from 18 months. There was also a positive association with the BMD in the four sites in people living in low-calcium intake countries. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that dairy products can increase BMD in healthy postmenopausal women. Dairy product consumption should be considered an effective public health measure to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Eldecalcitol increases bone mineral density in Chinese osteoporotic patients without vitamin D or calcium supplementation.
Jiang, Y, Tang, H, Ma, X, Cheng, Q, Lin, H, Jin, X, Zhang, Z, Yu, W, He, S, Kobayashi, T, et al
Journal of bone and mineral metabolism. 2019;(6):1036-1047
Abstract
Eldecalcitol increased bone mineral density (BMD) and prevented vertebral fractures in vitamin D-sufficient osteoporotic subjects. However, the effect of eldecalcitol on BMD under vitamin D insufficiency is unknown. We examined the effect of eldecalcitol on BMD compared with alfacalcidol in osteoporotic patients without vitamin D or calcium supplementation. This is a randomized, double-blind, active comparator trial. 265 Chinese osteoporotic patients were randomly assigned to receive 0.75 μg eldecalcitol or 1.0 μg alfacalcidol for 12 months without vitamin D or calcium supplementation. Baseline calcium intakes were less than 550 mg/day and mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was below 43 nmol/L in both groups. Baseline BMD tended to be lower in patients with lower calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D. Lumbar BMD increased by 2.05% higher in eldecalcitol than alfacalcidol group at 12 months. Total hip and femoral neck BMD also increased by 1.33 and 1.78%, respectively, in the eldecalcitol than the alfacalcidol group. The effect of eldecalcitol on BMD was not affected by serum 25(OH)D or calcium intake. The incidence of adverse events was not different between the two groups. Incidence of hypercalcemia in the edecalcitol group was not affected by serum 25(OH)D. In conclusion, baseline BMD tended to be lower in patients with low calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D. Eldecalcitol increased lumbar and hip BMD more than alfacalcidol regardless of serum 25(OH)D or calcium intake without vitamin D or calcium supplementation. These results suggest that eldecalcitol is effective in increasing the BMD of osteoporotic patients regardless of vitamin D status or calcium intake.Clinical Trial Registration number JAPIC CTI 152904.
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Effects of randomized rosuvastatin compared with placebo on bone and body composition among HIV-infected adults.
Erlandson, KM, Jiang, Y, Debanne, SM, McComsey, GA
AIDS (London, England). 2015;(2):175-82
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins have a beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass in some studies of HIV-uninfected adults; however, this has never been investigated in the setting of HIV infection. DESIGN HIV-infected individuals on stable antiretroviral therapy with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 130 mg/dl or less and evidence of heightened immune activation or inflammation were randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg daily or placebo for 96 weeks. METHODS This was a prespecified interim analysis at 48 weeks. Between-group and within-group differences were compared; multivariable regression models were constructed. RESULTS Seventy-two individuals were randomized to statin therapy and 75 to placebo. Modest 48-week relative increases in trochanter BMD [0.9%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.9 to 0.6] and total hip BMD (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0-1.1) in the statin arm were significantly greater than placebo (P < 0.05). The relationship between statin use and total hip BMD change was robust to adjustment of age, sex, race and smoking status (P = 0.02) and strengthened by inclusion of baseline (P = 0.01) and week 48 change in soluble tumour necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR)-1 (P = 0.009). Relative increases in total body, trunk and limb fat were similar between statin and placebo arms (P ≥ 0.58). Although a significant gain in leg lean mass was seen in the statin arm, this was not significantly different compared with placebo (P = 0.36). CONCLUSION The improvements seen in total hip BMD after 48 weeks of rosuvastatin therapy support further potential benefits of statin therapy in HIV, beyond a reduction of cardiovascular risk.
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[Alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis: effects on bone mineral density during treatment and after withdrawal].
Jiang, Y, Li, M, Xia, W, Xing, X, Yu, W, Tian, J, Meng, X, Zhou, X
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi. 2002;(18):1254-6
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of alendronate (Fosamax) administration and withdrawal on the bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. METHODS Alendronate (10 mg) and calcium carbonate (containing calcium 500 mg) were administered daily to 25 Chinese menopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis for 6 months and to 15 women for 12 months. After the withdrawal of alendronate, calcium carbonate was administered continuously. Follow-up was made three times for the 6-month group: before treatment, 6 months after treatment, and 13 +/- 4 months (6 - 24 months) after aldoronate withdrawal, and was made four times for the 12-month group: before treatment, 6 months and 12 months after treatment, and 23 +/- 7 months (14 - 36 months) after alendronate withdrawal to determine the BMD of lumbar spine 2 approximately 4, neck of femur, Wards triangle, and greater trochanter and blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP). RESULTS Compared to the baseline value, the BMD in lumbar spine and hip increased significantly 6 months after treatment in 6-month group, with the BMD in lumbar spine 2 - 4 increased by 5.3% (P < 0.001). In the 6 month group, no significant decline was found in the BMD in lumbar spine and hip 13 +/- 4 months after alendronate withdrawal, the BMD in greater trochanter even increased further compared with that 6 months after treatment. In the 12-month group, the BMD significantly increased except in the Wards triangle after 6 months' treatment with an increase by 4.2% in lumbar spine 2 - 4 (P < 0.001). After 12 months' treatment the increment of BMD in lumbar spine 2 - 4 was 6.1% (P < 0.001) and the BMD of the hip remained unchanged. 23 +/- 7 months after the alendronte withdrawal the values of BMD in lumbar spine and hip were almost the same as that 12 months after treatment. CONCLUSION Alendronate increases the BMD in spine and hip, especially in lumbar spine. The skeletal benefits are maintained for at least 13 - 23 months in spine and hip after withdrawal of alendrenate.