1.
Interim effects of salt substitution on urinary electrolytes and blood pressure in the China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS).
Huang, L, Tian, M, Yu, J, Li, Q, Liu, Y, Yin, X, Wu, JH, Marklund, M, Wu, Y, Li, N, et al
American heart journal. 2020;:136-145
Abstract
The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study is an ongoing 5-year large-scale cluster randomized trial investigating the effects of potassium-enriched salt substitute compared to usual salt on the risk of stroke. The study involves 600 villages and 20,996 individuals in rural China. Intermediate risk markers were measured in a random subsample of villages every 12 months over 3 years to track progress against key assumptions underlying study design. Measures of 24-hour urinary sodium, 24-hour urinary potassium, blood pressure and participants' use of salt substitute were recorded, with differences between intervention and control groups estimated using generalized linear mixed models. The primary outcome of annual event rate in the two groups combined was determined by dividing confirmed fatal and non-fatal strokes by total follow-up time in the first 2 years. The mean differences (95% CI) were -0.32 g (-0.68 to 0.05) for 24-hour urinary sodium, +0.77 g (+0.60 to +0.93) for 24-hour urinary potassium, -2.65 mmHg (-4.32 to -0.97) for systolic blood pressure and +0.30 mmHg (-0.72 to +1.32) for diastolic blood pressure. Use of salt substitute was reported by 97.5% in the intervention group versus 4.2% in the control group (P<.0001). The overall estimated annual event rate for fatal and non-fatal stroke was 3.2%. The systolic blood pressure difference and the annual stroke rate were both in line with the statistical assumptions underlying study design. The trial should be well placed to address the primary hypothesis at completion of follow-up.
2.
The association of serum zinc and copper with hypertension: A meta-analysis.
Li, Z, Wang, W, Liu, H, Li, S, Zhang, D
Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS). 2019;:41-48
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) with the risk of hypertension (HT) remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationships. METHODS We searched relevant literatures on PubMed and Web of Science up to September 2018. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by random effects model.I2 was used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS 25 articles of serum Zn and 22 articles of serum Cu were included in meta-analysis. HT patients had lower serum Zn [SMD (95%CI): -0.612(-0.951, -0.274), z = 3.54, Pfor z <0.001; I2 = 97.0%, PforI2 <0.001], whereas no significant difference of serum Cu was shown between HT patients and controls [SMD (95%CI): 0.153(-0.101, 0.407)]. Also, male HT patients had lower serum Zn [SMD (95%CI): -1.443(-2.868, -0.017), z = 1.98, Pfor z = 0.047; I2 = 98.8%, PforI2 <0.001]. In subgroup analysis, a lower serum Zn was observed in HT patients in studies conducted in Europe [-1.066(-1.759, -0.374)], in case-control studies [-0.718(-1.294, -0.142)], in matched case-control studies [-0.939(-1.646, -0.233)] and studies involving treated patients [-1.416(-2.195, -0.638)]. Meanwhile, a higher serum Cu was found in HT patients in studies conducted in Africa [1.96(1.402, 2.518)], and in matched case-control studies [0.655(0.204, 1.107)]. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis indicates that serum Zn level in HT patients was significantly lower than that in controls, while no significantly different serum Cu level was found between HT patients and controls. Future studies are needed to confirm these results in future research.
3.
Comparative risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus for antihypertensive drugs: A network meta-analysis.
Li, Z, Li, Y, Liu, Y, Xu, W, Wang, Q
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.). 2017;(12):1348-1356
Abstract
New-onset diabetes mellitus (NOD) refers to forms of diabetes mellitus that develop during the therapeutic processes of other diseases such as hypertension. This study has been conducted in a network meta-analysis to compare antihypertensive drugs by identifying both the advantages and disadvantages on NOD by focusing on their respective effect rates. Odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals or credible intervals were calculated within pairwise and network meta-analysis. A total of 38 articles with 224 140 patients were included to evaluate the preventive effect of hypertension drugs on NOD. From the network meta-analysis it was evident that both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor as well as angiotensin receptor blocker treatments are associated with a lower risk of developing NOD compared with placebo, with ranking probabilities of 79.81% and 72.77%, respectively, while β-blockers and calcium channel blockers may significantly increase the probability of developing NOD (β-blockers: odds ratio, 2.18 [95% credible intervals: 1.36-3.50]; calcium channel blockers: odds ratio, 1.16 [95% credible intervals, 1.05-1.29]). In conclusion, angiotensin receptor blockers have an advantage over the other treatments regarding the NOD.
4.
Effect of mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) mutation on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Chinese essential hypertensive subjects.
Lu, Y, Xiao, T, Zhang, F, Chen, Y, Liu, Y, Li, Y, Chen, YD, Li, Z, Guan, M
Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2014;(4):500-4
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been potentially implicated in both human and experimental hypertension. We performed the mutational analysis of tRNA(Lys) gene by PCR amplification and subsequent sequence analysis of the PCR fragments from 990 Chinese essential hypertensive subjects. We also made a comparative analysis of the collected data of the essential hypertension subjects who carried tRNA(Lys) mutation and those who did not carry the mutation using the methods of 1:1 case-control study. We totally found 7 mutation sites in 10 subjects. The onset ages of the individuals carrying the mutation were earlier than those who did not bear them. The level of blood urea nitrogen in hypertension subjects who carried tRNA(Lys) mutation was higher than the hypertension subjects who did not carried tRNA(Lys) mutation, while the serum potassium was significantly lower. The level of platelet count in hypertension subjects who carried tRNA(Lys) mutation was lower. The level of ventricular septal thickness in hypertension subjects who carried tRNA(Lys) mutation was higher and the level of left ventricular end diastolic diameter in hypertension subjects was significantly lower. Mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) mutations might result in the change of their structure and function, and then damaged the blood metabolism, the balance of the blood electrolyte, the steady-state of the blood cells and the heart structure and function, which were involved in the progress of the essential hypertension. Part of the essential hypertension patients clinically presented the characters of maternal inheritance, which might be associated with the tRNA(Lys) mutation.