1.
Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and childhood for asthma in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Zhang, Y, Lin, J, Fu, W, Liu, S, Gong, C, Dai, J
Pediatric pulmonology. 2019;(7):949-961
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between high adherence to the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and childhood and the risk of asthma and wheeze in children. METHODS We conducted searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 30 October 2018. Observational studies providing risk estimates and corresponding confidence intervals on the association of high adherence to the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy or childhood and the risk of asthma or wheeze in childhood were included. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed. Summary odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Eighteen observational studies were included in this review. All studies were of moderate to high quality. The pooled data suggested high adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy was associated with a reduced incidence of wheeze in the first 12 months (OR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.95; P < 0.001), and there was an inverse association between the Mediterranean diet during childhood and the incidence of wheeze in the history (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37-0.70; P = 0.001) and current wheeze (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P = 0.013). However, there was no significant association between high adherence of the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and childhood and any of the other meta-analysis end points including diagnosed asthma. CONCLUSION High adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and childhood may have short-term effects on wheeze in children in early life. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution owing to the heterogeneity of the studies.
2.
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and type 2 diabetes in the Women's Health Study.
Song, Y, Klevak, A, Manson, JE, Buring, JE, Liu, S
Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2010;(3):365-71
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic airway inflammation in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; however, prospective data have been limited. METHODS A prospective cohort of 38,570 women who were aged ≥ 45 years, free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline, and free of diabetes at baseline and in the first 12 months were analyzed. We classified all women into three groups according to the presence and absence of self-reported asthma or COPD (including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 2472 incident type 2 diabetes events were documented. Women who had ever reported asthma or COPD were associated with an increased diabetes risk; the multivariate RRs were 1.37 (95% CI, 1.20-1.57) for women who had asthma alone and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.14-1.67) for COPD without asthmatic symptoms. Furthermore, these associations were not significantly modified by age, smoking status, physical activity, BMI, alcohol intake, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status or randomized treatment. CONCLUSIONS Asthma and COPD were individually and independently associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in women, indicating that chronic airway inflammation may contribute to diabetes pathogenesis.