1.
The association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and skin cancer: Different responses in American and European populations.
Ma, Y, Yu, P, Lin, S, Li, Q, Fang, Z, Huang, Z
Pharmacological research. 2020;:104499
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive systematic meta-analysis investigating the association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their subtypes with skin cancer (SC) and its subclasses (basal cell carcinoma BCC; squamous cell carcinoma SCC; melanoma; nonmelanoma skin cancer NMSC) in general, American and European populations. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to 24 February 2019. Pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate associations. RESULTS Results based on 26 original studies including 223,619 cases and 1,398,507 controls showed both NSAIDs and nonselective Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors to be statistically significantly associated with a reduced risk of SC, BCC, SCC and NMSC but not with melanoma. Conversely, no association was observed between selective Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors and SC or its subclasses. Further subgroup analysis showed that the results analyzed for American populations were almost the same as those for the general population. For European populations, neither NSAIDs nor its subtypes correlated significantly with susceptibility to SC or its subclasses. CONCLUSIONS The use of NSAIDs might reduce the risk of SC, but many factors including study population, drug subtype, and disease subclass affect the significance of the association.
2.
Randomized, placebo-controlled, esophageal squamous cell cancer chemoprevention trial of selenomethionine and celecoxib.
Limburg, PJ, Wei, W, Ahnen, DJ, Qiao, Y, Hawk, ET, Wang, G, Giffen, CA, Wang, G, Roth, MJ, Lu, N, et al
Gastroenterology. 2005;(3):863-73
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Squamous dysplasia, the accepted histological precursor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, represents a potentially modifiable intermediate end point for chemoprevention trials in high-risk populations. METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of selenomethionine 200 microg daily and/or celecoxib 200 mg twice daily (2 x 2 factorial design) among residents of Linxian, People's Republic of China. Subjects had histologically confirmed mild or moderate esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed before and after a 10-month intervention. Per-subject change (regression, stable, or progression) in the worst dysplasia grade was defined as the primary end point. Results were compared by agent group (selenomethionine vs placebo; celecoxib vs placebo). RESULTS Two hundred sixty-seven subjects fulfilled all eligibility criteria, and 238 (89%) completed the trial. Overall, selenomethionine resulted in a trend toward increased dysplasia regression (43% vs 32%) and decreased dysplasia progression (14% vs 19%) compared with no selenomethionine (P = .08). In unplanned stratified analyses, selenomethionine favorably affected a change in dysplasia grade among 115 subjects with mild esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline (P = .02), but not among 123 subjects with moderate esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline (P = 1.00). Celecoxib status did not influence changes in dysplasia grade overall (P = .78) or by baseline histology subgroup. CONCLUSIONS After a 10-month intervention, neither selenomethionine nor celecoxib inhibited esophageal squamous carcinogenesis for all high-risk subjects. However, among subjects with mild esophageal squamous dysplasia at baseline, selenomethionine did have a protective effect. Although it is based on unplanned stratified analyses, this finding is the first report of a possible beneficial effect for any candidate esophageal squamous cell carcinoma chemopreventive agent in a randomized controlled trial.