1.
Prevalence and risk factors of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes among Chinese children and adolescents: a national observational study.
Wang, Z, Zou, Z, Wang, H, Jing, J, Luo, J, Zhang, X, Luo, C, Zhao, H, Pan, D, Ma, J, et al
The British journal of nutrition. 2018;(7):813-819
Abstract
The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has reportedly increased significantly among Chinese children and adolescents. We aimed to examine the prevalence of IFG and DM, the disparities in sex and region and related risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 16 434 Chinese children aged 6-17 years were selected from a national cross-sectional survey, and fasting glucose was measured for all participants. Overall, mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration was (4·64 (sd 0·51)) mmol/l, and the prevalence of DM and IFG was 0·10 and 1·89 %, respectively. Compared with girls, boys had higher FPG concentration (4·69 v. 4·58 mmol/l, r 0·107, P<0·001) and IFG prevalence (2·67 v. 1·07 %, r φ 0·059, P<0·001). Compared with rural children and adolescents, urban children and adolescent had higher FPG concentration (4·65 v. 4·62 mmol/l, r 0·029, P<0·001) and DM prevalence (0·15 v. 0·05 %, r φ 0·016, P<0·01). In addition, self-reported fried foods intake and overweight/obesity were positively associated with IFG, and the proportion of consuming fried foods more than or equal to once per week and overweight/obesity prevalence in boys and urban children and adolescents were significantly higher than girls and rural children and adolescents, respectively (P<0·05). Although the prevalence of IFG and DM was relatively low in Chinese children and adolescents, sex and region disparities were observed, which may be associated with differences in overweight/obesity prevalence and dietary factors.
2.
A simple dietary message to improve dietary quality: Results from a pilot investigation.
Olendzki, BC, Ma, Y, Schneider, KL, Merriam, P, Culver, AL, Ockene, IS, Pagoto, S
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 2009;(7-8):736-44
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study compared the feasibility of two simple messages (a high-fiber diet or a low saturated fat diet) to a combination message (high fiber/low saturated fat) on their potential to affect dietary quality and metabolic health. METHODS Thirty-six subjects were randomized to one of three intervention conditions and received individual dietary counseling sessions. Study assessments occurred at baseline, 3 mo, and 6 mo. RESULTS The sample was 84% female and 94% Caucasian. Mean body mass index was 31kg/m(2). At the 6-mo assessment phase, we retained all 12 patients in the high-fiber diet condition, 10 of 12 in the low saturated fat condition, and 9 of 12 in the combination condition. Participants reported that the dietary fiber intervention was easier to maintain compared with the other two intervention conditions (83% for high dietary fiber versus 60% for low saturated fat versus 33% for the combination, P=0.008). Overall dietary quality improved in all three conditions during the study (P=0.01). In addition to increasing fiber, the high-fiber condition decreased their saturated fat intake, even though a reduction in saturated fat was not a part of that intervention condition. Participants in all three conditions lost an average of 9 lb from baseline weight (P<0.001). CONCLUSION A simple dietary message is feasible and can improve overall dietary quality. Results support the need for a larger randomized controlled trial that is powered to detect the efficacy of a simplified dietary recommendation for dietary quality and metabolic health.
3.
Change in women's diet and body mass following intensive intervention for early-stage breast cancer.
Hebert, JR, Ebbeling, CB, Olendzki, BC, Hurley, TG, Ma, Y, Saal, N, Ockene, JK, Clemow, L
Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2001;(4):421-31
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of an intensive dietary intervention on diet and body mass in women with breast cancer. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. SUBJECTS 172 women aged 20 to 65 years with stage I or II breast cancer. INTERVENTION A 15-session, mainly group-based and dietitian-led nutrition education program (NEP) was compared to a mindfulness-based stress reduction clinic program (SRC); or usual supportive care (UC). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dietary fat, complex carbohydrates, fiber, and body mass were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS In addition to descriptive statistics, analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences according to intervention group. RESULTS Of the 157 women with complete dietary data at baseline, 149 had complete data immediately postintervention (at 4 months) and 146 had complete data at 1 year. Women randomized to NEP (n = 50) experienced a large reduction in fat consumption (5.8% of energy as fat) at 4 months and much of this reduction was preserved at 1 year (4.1% of energy) (both P < .0002) vs no change in either SRC (n = 51) or UC (n = 56). A 1.3-kg reduction in body mass was evident at 4 months in the NEP group (P = .003) vs no change in the SRC and UC groups. Women who had higher-than-average expectations of a beneficial effect of the intervention experienced larger changes. APPLICATIONS Dietitians' use of group nutrition interventions appear to be warranted. Increasing their effectiveness and maintaining high levels of adherence may require additional support, including the involvement of significant others, periodic individual meetings, or group booster sessions.