1.
The Influence of Reducing Diets on Changes in Thyroid Parameters in Women Suffering from Obesity and Hashimoto's Disease.
Ostrowska, L, Gier, D, Zyśk, B
Nutrients. 2021;13(3)
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Hashimoto’s disease is also known as autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. It is the most common type of thyroiditis and autoimmune endocrinopathy. Weight gain is frequently the first symptom of hypothyroidism. The treatment of hypothyroidism (including autoimmune disorders) is based mainly on pharmacological treatment aimed at supplementing the deficiency of thyroid hormones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different reducing diets and their influence on changes in thyroid parameters in female patients. This study is an interventional/observational study of 100 women aged 18–65 years with previously diagnosed Hashimoto’s disease and obesity. The women were randomly assigned to group A (the test group, n = 50) or group B (the control group). Results show that: - the elimination diets enabled an average weight loss of 21.17 kg, and the reducing diets a weight loss of 17.03 kg. - effective weight reduction led to improvement of thyroid parameters in patients suffering from obesity and Hashimoto’s disease. - an individually adjusted elimination diet may lead to better therapeutic results. Authors conclude that elimination diets are a more effective tool in reducing body fat mass in women with Hashimoto’s disease compared to standard balanced reducing diets with the same energy value and main nutrient content.
Abstract
Hashimoto's disease is listed among the most common endocrine causes of obesity. As treatment of obesity in women with Hashimoto's disease is frequently unsuccessful, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different reducing diets and their influence on changes in thyroid parameters in female patients. A six-month observational/interventional study was performed on 100 women aged 18-65 years, previously diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease and obesity and receiving L-thyroxine. The women were randomly assigned to the test group (group A, n = 50) following elimination/reducing diets, and the control group (group B, n = 50) following reducing diets with the same caloric content (without elimination). Anthropometric and thyroid parameters were evaluated at the beginning, after 3 months and after 6 months of treatment. In both groups a significant decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was achieved, but in test group A the decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was significantly greater than in control group B (p < 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormon) levels decreased significantly more in group A than in group B (p < 0.001). Group A exhibited significantly greater increases in fT4 and fT3 levels than the control group (p < 0.001) as well as significantly greater decreases in the levels anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) (p < 0.001) and anti-TG (thyreoglobulin) antibodies (p = 0.048). The application of reducing diets with product elimination was found to be a more beneficial tool for changing anthropometric and thyroid parameters in women suffering from obesity and Hashimoto's disease than classic reducing diets with the same energy values and macronutrient content.
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The relationship between the leptin/ghrelin ratio and meals with various macronutrient contents in men with different nutritional status: a randomized crossover study.
Adamska-Patruno, E, Ostrowska, L, Goscik, J, Pietraszewska, B, Kretowski, A, Gorska, M
Nutrition journal. 2018;17(1):118
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Obesity is a chronic disease caused mostly by an excessive supply of energy delivered with food in relation to energy expenditure, which leads to fat accumulation. The aim of the study was to investigate the leptin/ghrelin ratio (appetite-regulating hormones) in response to meal intake with various macronutrient contents, and to assess the fasting and postprandial (after meal) differences between normal and overweight or obese men. The study is a crossover designed study which was conducted among 46 non-diabetic men. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. Each group included men with normal weight and overweight/obesity. Results indicate that in normal body weight men, a more beneficial leptin/ghrelin ratio was noted after the high-carbohydrate fat-free meal intake, compared to the normal-carbohydrate/high-protein and high-fat/low-carbohydrate meal. Furthermore, overweight/obese men presented with a significantly higher leptin/ghrelin ratio in a fasting state and after intake of each of the three meals. Authors conclude that overweight/obese individuals can be recommended to chose meals with lower carbohydrate content.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormones, which influence satiety and hunger, play a significant role in body energy balance regulation. Ghrelin is a peptide that plays an important role in short-term appetite regulation, whereas leptin is a factor that controls long-term energy balance and is considered as a satiety hormone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the leptin/ghrelin ratio in a fasting state and after the intake of meals with varying macronutrient contents and to assess the possible differences between normal body weight and overweight/obese men. METHODS We examined 46 healthy adult men (23 with normal body weight and 23 overweight/obese) aged 21-58, who were divided into two groups. In the crossover study, participants received isocaloric (450 kcal) meals with different macronutrient contents: men from the first group received high-carbohydrate (HC) and normo-carbohydrate (NC) meals, and in the second group, participants received high-carbohydrate and high-fat (HF) meals. The ratio of leptin/ghrelin levels was calculated from leptin and total ghrelin serum concentrations in a fasting state and 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after meal intake. One-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were carried out. The normality of the variable distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, the homogeneity of variances was verified with the Levene test, and the false discovery rate p-value adjustment method was used. RESULTS The leptin/ghrelin ratio was significantly higher in overweight/obese men than individuals with normal body weight in a fasting state, as well as postprandially. We observed trends towards a higher leptin/ghrelin ratio values from the 60 min after HC-meal intake compared to the NC- and HF-meals in normal body weight participants, while in overweight/obese men, we did not note any significant differences dependent on the meal type. CONCLUSIONS We have observed a significantly different postprandial leptin/ghrelin ratio in normal body weight and overweight/obese men, and our results suggest that in men with normal body weight, a greater feeling of satiety may occur after high-carbohydrate meal intake, which was not noted in the overweight/obese individuals.