1.
A Systematic Review on Processed/Ultra-Processed Foods and Arterial Hypertension in Adults and Older People.
Barbosa, SS, Sousa, LCM, de Oliveira Silva, DF, Pimentel, JB, Evangelista, KCMS, Lyra, CO, Lopes, MMGD, Lima, SCVC
Nutrients. 2022;14(6)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
The NOVA system is a way of classifying the level of processing a food has undergone; ranging from un-processed to ultra-processed. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are nutritionally imbalanced and are often highly calorific. Processed foods (PFs) are the next level down from UPFs and usually have added salt or sugar. Both foods pose a potential health-risk if eaten in excess, with high blood pressure being a potential resulting disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between the consumption of PFs and UPFs and high blood pressure in adults. The results showed that as the consumption of UPFs increased, so did the risk for high blood pressure, however this relationship was not seen with the consumption of PFs. It was concluded that the high consumption of UPFs is associated with a greater risk of developing high blood pressure in adults and older people. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to recommend a diet without UPFs to those who are at risk of high blood pressure or in those who have already been diagnosed.
Abstract
The increase in the availability of processed and ultra-processed foods has altered the eating patterns of populations, and these foods constitute an exposure factor for the development of arterial hypertension. This systematic review analyzed evidence of the association between consumption of processed/ultra-processed foods and arterial hypertension in adults and older people. Electronic searches for relevant articles were performed in the PUBMED, EMBASE and LILACS databases. The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The search of the databases led to the retrieval of 2323 articles, eight of which were included in the review. A positive association was found between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and blood pressure/arterial hypertension, whereas insufficient evidence was found for the association between the consumption of processed foods and arterial hypertension. The results reveal the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in developed and middle-income countries, warning of the health risks of such foods, which have a high energy density and are rich in salt, sugar and fat. The findings underscore the urgent need for the adoption of measures that exert a positive impact on the quality of life of populations, especially those at greater risk, such as adults and older people.
2.
Development and content validity of an instrument for assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity.
Silva, DFO, Souza, ALS, Pimentel, JB, Souza, TO, Araújo, EPDS, Sena-Evangelista, KCM, Arrais, RF, Lima, SCVC
PloS one. 2020;15(11):e0242680
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Reduction and control of body weight is an important measure in order to reduce health risks in adolescence and adulthood. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the content of an instrument to assess the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. This is a methodological study. The development and content validation of the instrument was conducted in five stages. There were three rounds of evaluation; in the first round the responses of 12 experts were included, in the second round the responses of 10 experts were included and in the final round the responses of four experts were included. Findings show that the content validity evaluation of the items by the panel of experts allowed the selection of the most practical items for adolescents. Additionally, the revisions made in the wording of the items provided a better standardization in the presentation of the items and a clearer language adapted to the age range of the target audience. Authors conclude that further psychometric testing is needed to determine reliability and construct validity of the instrument.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the content of an instrument for assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. METHODS The development and validation of the instrument were conducted in five stages, for which two systematic reviews were conducted. The first one, for the identification of questionnaires assessing the motivation for weight loss, included six studies and contributed to the selection of the domains for the instrument. The second one, conducted to identify the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and/or obesity, included six studies and contributed to the selection of 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument. The motivations most commonly identified were: having better health, improving my appearance, improving my self-esteem and avoiding bullying. The content validity was confirmed by a committee of 12 experts from the areas of nutrition, endocrinology, psychology, and physical education. Based on these evaluations, the content validity index was calculated. Only the items with a content validity index >0.80 for practical relevance were held in the instrument. RESULTS Five of the 17 motivations included in the initial version of the instrument were excluded because they had content validity index <0.80 for practical relevance. Of the 12 items held in the instrument, five were revised by experts in order to standardize wording and make the language more appropriate for adolescents. Experts categorized the items into the health, personal satisfaction, appearance and social domains. CONCLUSIONS This is the first instrument assessing the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity in Brazil. The content validity evaluation by the panel of experts provided more practical relevance, as well as contributed to a better presentation of the items. Further psychometric testing is needed to determine reliability and construct validity of the instrument.