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A Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil is associated with higher serum total osteocalcin levels in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk.
Fernández-Real, JM, Bulló, M, Moreno-Navarrete, JM, Ricart, W, Ros, E, Estruch, R, Salas-Salvadó, J
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2012;(10):3792-8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of olive oil has been related to the prevention of osteoporosis in experimental and in in vitro models. Very few prospective studies have evaluated the effects of olive oil intake on circulating osteocalcin (OC) in humans. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the longitudinal effects of a low-fat control diet (n=34), a Mediterranean diet enriched with nuts (MedDiet+nuts, n=51), or a Mediterranean diet enriched with virgin olive oil (MedDiet+VOO, n=42) on circulating forms of OC and bone formation markers in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk. DESIGN Longitudinal associations between baseline and follow-up (2 yr) measurements of total OC, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, C-telopeptide of type I collagen, and procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) concentrations were examined in 127 elderly men randomized to three healthy dietary interventions. RESULTS Baseline characteristics (age, body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, fasting insulin levels, and bone formation and resorption markers) were similar in all intervention groups. The total osteocalcin concentration increased robustly in the MedDiet+VOO group (P=0.007) in parallel to increased P1NP levels (P=0.01) and homeostasis model assessment-β-cell function (P=0.01) but not in subjects on the MedDiet+nuts (P=0.32) or after the control diet (P=0.74). Interestingly, the consumption of olives was associated positively with both baseline total osteocalcin (r=0.23, P=0.02) and the 2-yr osteocalcin concentrations (r=0.21, P=0.04) in the total cohort. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a Mediterranean diet enriched with virgin olive oil for 2 years is associated with increased serum osteocalcin and P1NP concentrations, suggesting protective effects on bone.
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Association between a healthy lifestyle and general obesity and abdominal obesity in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risk.
Bulló, M, Garcia-Aloy, M, Martínez-González, MA, Corella, D, Fernández-Ballart, JD, Fiol, M, Gómez-Gracia, E, Estruch, R, Ortega-Calvo, M, Francisco, S, et al
Preventive medicine. 2011;(3):155-61
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet, smoking and physical activity are important modifiable lifestyle factors that can influence body weight and fat accumulation. We assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk in a baseline analysis of the PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain. METHODS 7000 subjects at high cardiovascular risk were assessed cross-sectionally. A healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) was determined using a score including: adherence to the Mediterranean diet, moderate alcohol consumption, expending ≥200 kcal/day in leisure-time physical activity, and non-smoking. RESULTS Inverse linear trends were observed between the HLP-score and body-mass-index (BMI) or waist circumference (p<0.001). The BMI and waist circumference of participants with a HLP-score=4 were, respectively, 1.3 kg/m(2) (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.7) and 4.3 cm (3.1 to 5.4) lower than those of subjects with an HLP≤1. The odds ratios of general obesity and abdominal obesity for an HLP score of 4 compared to an HPL score≤1 were 0.50 (0.42 to 0.60) and 0.51 (0.41 to 0.62), respectively. CONCLUSION A combination of four healthy lifestyle behaviors was associated with a lower prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in Mediterranean elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk.