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1.
Comparison of Quality of Life and Nutritional Status of Between Roux-en-Y and Billroth-I Reconstruction After Distal Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Du, N, Chen, M, Shen, Z, Li, S, Chen, P, Khadaroo, PA, Mao, D, Gu, L
Nutrition and cancer. 2020;(5):849-857
Abstract
Background: This paper purports to use a meta-analysis to compare the postoperative quality of life (QoL) and nutritional status of between Roux-en-Y (R-Y) and Billroth-I (B-I) reconstruction after distal gastrectomy.Methods: For this study, the following databases were searched for articles published from inception until December 2018: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library.Results: A total of 13 eligible studies, covering 3645 patients, were selected for a meta-analysis. The analysis showed that compared with B-I group in term of short-term outcomes, patients undergoing R-Y reconstruction did not only have significantly better physiological function (P = 0.02), but had significantly less pain (P = 0.04). In the long-term outcomes, the dyspnea and constipation in the B-I group were worse than that in the R-Y group (P = 0.004; P = 0.04, respectively). Patients in the B-I group had higher cholesterol than those in the R-Y group at 5 years postoperatively (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in termof other nutritional indicators including total protein, cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin and weight in short-term outcomes.Conclusions: The final conclusion was that R-Y may be superior to the B-I reconstruction in some aspects of QoL. Besides, R-Y reconstruction could reduce the patient's cholesterol level for a long time. For the short-term outcomes, there were no significant differences in other common nutritional indicators.
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2.
Safety and efficiency of endoscopic resection versus laparoscopic resection in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang, C, Gao, Z, Shen, K, Cao, J, Shen, Z, Jiang, K, Wang, S, Ye, Y
European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology. 2020;(4 Pt A):667-674
Abstract
The application of endoscopic resection (ER) in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) is controversial. We carried out a meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficiency of ER with laparoscopic resection (LR) in patients with gastric GISTs. We searched PubMed to identify studies comparing ER with LR in GIST. The outcomes focused on two areas: safety, including operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, time to flatus, time to liquid, time to soft diet, and postoperative complications; and efficiency, including positive margin, recurrence, and long-term survival. A total of 1292 patients from 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Patients undergoing ER had a shorter operation time (standardised mean difference [SMD] -1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.18 to -0.78) and shorter time to soft diet (SMD -1.02, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.52) than those undergoing LR. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of blood loss, length of hospital stay, time to flatus, time to liquid, and postoperative complications. ER was also associated with greater positive margins compared with LR (relative risk 6.32, 95% CI 1.41-28.26). There were no significant differences between ER and LR for recurrence and 5-year disease-free survival. The limited evidence suggests that ER is a more effective strategy for improving postoperative recovery without increasing the risk of surgery and recurrence in gastric GIST. However, close attention should be paid to margin status after ER.
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3.
A meta-analysis of comparison of proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction and total gastrectomy for proximal early gastric cancer.
Li, S, Gu, L, Shen, Z, Mao, D, Khadaroo, PA, Su, H
BMC surgery. 2019;(1):117
Abstract
BACKGROUND In theory, proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (PG-DT) was superior to total gastrectomy (TG) in hematologic and nutritional outcomes. However, its clinical effects in proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) have been controversial. METHODS The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (LPG-DT) for proximal EGC. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for articles published before December of 2018 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Medline, and Cochrane Library. RESULTS The results showed no significant difference in the anastomotic stenosis (OR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.33-2.50, p = 0.85) and reflux esophagitis (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = 0.62-5.65, p = 0.27) between LPG-DT and laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). The vitamin B12 supplementation rate in the LPG-DT group was lower than the LTG group (OR = 0.06, 95%Cl = 0.01-0.59, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Due to comparable clinical effect, PG-DT is comparable to TG for patients with proximal EGC. In addition, LPG-DT not only appears superior to TG in terms of preventing vitamin B12 deficiency, but also does not increase the risk of anastomotic stricture and reflux esophagitis.
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4.
Comparison of high risk factors (hot food, hot beverage, alcohol, tobacco, and diet) of esophageal cancer: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chai, T, Shen, Z, Zhang, P, Lin, Y, Chen, S, Zhang, Z, Lin, W, Kang, M, Lin, J
Medicine. 2019;(17):e15176
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a poor prognosis and identified as one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Many studies have reported that the incidence of EC is closely related to the intake of alcohol, hot food, and hot beverages, as well as smoking and diet. However, there is a lack of studies on the quantitative analysis of these risk factors for EC. If the solid quantitative evidence of these risk factors is provided for the prevention of EC, the prevalence of EC can be effectively reduced. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of high risk factors for EC in order to provide reliable evidence for the prevention of EC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Google Scholar for related studies published without language restrictions before December 1, 2019. Two review authors will search and assess relevant studies independently. Trials used a case-control, cross-sectional, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and quasi-RCTs will be included. We will perform subgroup analysis in sex, age, ethnicity, and region. RESULTS The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of high risk factors for EC in order to provide reliable evidence for the prevention of EC. However, because of the characteristics of disease and intervention, large-sample trials that meet the inclusion criteria of this study may be insufficient. We will consider including some high-quality small-sample related trials, which may lead to high heterogeneity and affect the reliability of the results.
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Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of desmopressin oral tablet formulations in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.
Li, X, Zhang, H, Zhu, X, Li, C, Chen, H, Liu, J, Chen, G, Wu, M, Liu, C, Shen, Z, et al
International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2018;(9):434-442
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP®) is a synthetic analogue of the pituitary hormone vasopressin. Until now, few studies of desmopressin have focused on the pharmacokinetics (PK) or food effects in Asian populations. This study aimed to assess the effect of food intake on the PK of desmopressin and bioequivalence of two tablet formulations in Chinese subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center, single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period crossover study was conducted in 104 healthy Chinese volunteers under fasted or fed conditions (52 volunteers for each condition). Blood samples were collected up to 14 hours after administration of oral desmopressin tablets (0.6 mg; 0.2 mg × 3) in each period. Plasma desmopressin concentrations were analyzed by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PK and bioavailability parameters were calculated. Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. RESULTS No significant differences in mean (standard deviation, SD) PK parameters were observed between formulation 1 (F1) and formulation 2 (DDAVP®; F2) under both fasted and fed conditions. All AEs observed were mild and resolved quickly without treatment. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) when the drug was taken with food, compared with fasted subjects. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that both tablet formulations were well tolerated. Food can significantly decrease the exposure of desmopressin.
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Comparative proteomic analysis of the response to silver ions and yeast extract in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures.
Wang, Y, Shen, Y, Shen, Z, Zhao, L, Ning, D, Jiang, C, Zhao, R, Huang, L
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2016;:364-373
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses can inhibit plant growth, resulting in losses of crop productivity. However, moderate adverse stress can promote the accumulation of valuable natural products in medicinal plants. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms thus might help optimize the variety of available plant medicinal materials and improve their quality. In this study, Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures were employed as an in vitro model of the Chinese herb Danshen. A comparative proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS was performed. By comparing the gel images of groups exposed to the stress of yeast extract (YE) combined with Ag(+) and controls, 64 proteins were identified that showed significant changes in protein abundance for at least one time point after treatment. According to analysis based on the KEGG and related physiological experimental verification, it was found that YE and Ag(+) stress induced a burst of reactive oxygen species and activated the Ca(2+)/calmodulin signaling pathway. Expression of immune-suppressive proteins increased. Epidermal cells underwent programmed cell death. Energy metabolism was enhanced and carbon metabolism shifted to favor the production of secondary metabolites such as lignin, tanshinone and salvianolic acids. The tanshinone and salvianolic acids were deposited on the collapsed epidermal cells forming a physicochemical barrier. The defense proteins and these natural products together enhanced the stress resistance of the plants. Since higher levels of natural products represent good quality in medicinal materials, this study sheds new light on quality formation mechanisms of medicinal plants and will hopefully encourage further research on how the planting environment affects the efficacy of herbal medicines.
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Comparison of Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Membrane ABC Transporters Induced by MWCNTs with Different Length and Functional Groups.
Yu, J, Liu, S, Wu, B, Shen, Z, Cherr, GN, Zhang, XX, Li, M
Environmental science & technology. 2016;(7):3985-94
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have the potential to induce cytotoxicity. However, the reports are often inconsistent and even contradictory. Additionally, adverse effects of MWCNTs at low concentration are not well understood. In this study, we systemically compared adverse effects of six MWCNTs including pristine MWCNTs, hydroxyl-MWCNTs and carboxyl-MWCNTs of two different lengths (0.5-2 μm and 10-30 μm) on human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Results showed that MWCNTs induced cytotoxicity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and damaging cell function. Pristine short MWCNTs induced higher cytotoxicity than pristine long MWCNTs. Functionalization increased cytotoxicity of long MWCNTs, but reduced cytotoxicity of short MWCNTs. Further, our results indicated that the six MWCNTs, at nontoxic concentration, might not be environmentally safe as they inhibited ABC transporters' efflux capabilities. This inhibition was observed even at very low concentrations, which were 40-1000 times lower than their effective concentrations on cytotoxicity. The inhibition of ABC transporters significantly increased cytotoxicity of arsenic, a known substrate of ABC transporters, indicating a chemosensitizing effect of MWCNTs. Plasma membrane damage was likely the mechanism by which the six MWCNTs inhibited ABC transporter activity. This study provides insight into risk assessments of low levels of MWCNTs in the environment.
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Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of lesinurad, a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, in healthy adult males.
Shen, Z, Rowlings, C, Kerr, B, Hingorani, V, Manhard, K, Quart, B, Yeh, LT, Storgard, C
Drug design, development and therapy. 2015;:3423-34
Abstract
Lesinurad is a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of gout. Single and multiple ascending dose studies were conducted to evaluate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of lesinurad in healthy males. Lesinurad was administered as an oral solution between 5 mg and 600 mg (single ascending dose; N=34) and as an oral solution or immediate-release capsules once daily (qday) between 100 mg and 400 mg for 10 days under fasted or fed condition (multiple ascending dose; N=32). Following single doses of lesinurad solution, absorption was rapid and exposure (maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve) increased in a dose-proportional manner. Following multiple qday doses, there was no apparent accumulation of lesinurad. Urinary excretion of unchanged lesinurad was generally between 30% and 40% of dose. Increases in urinary excretion of uric acid and reductions in serum uric acid correlated with dose. Following 400 mg qday dosing, serum uric acid reduction was 35% at 24 hours post-dose, supporting qday dosing. A relative bioavailability study in healthy males (N=8) indicated a nearly identical pharmacokinetic profile following dosing of tablets or capsules. Lesinurad was generally safe and well tolerated.