1.
Early Caffeine Administration and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants.
Lodha, A, Entz, R, Synnes, A, Creighton, D, Yusuf, K, Lapointe, A, Yang, J, Shah, PS, ,
Pediatrics. 2019;(1)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although caffeine use for apnea of prematurity is well studied, the long-term safety and benefit of routine early caffeine administration has not been explored. Our objective was to determine the association between early (within 2 days of birth) versus late caffeine exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. METHODS Infants of <29 weeks' gestation born between April 2009 and September 2011 and admitted to Canadian Neonatal Network units and then assessed at Canadian Neonatal Follow-up Network centers were studied. Neonates who received caffeine were divided into early- (received within 2 days of birth) and late-caffeine (received after 2 days of birth) groups. The primary outcome was significant neurodevelopmental impairment, defined as cerebral palsy, or a Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition composite score of <70 on any component, hearing aid or cochlear implant, or bilateral visual impairment at 18 to 24 months' corrected age. RESULTS Of 2108 neonates who were eligible, 1545 were in the early-caffeine group and 563 were in the late-caffeine group. Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, and severe neurologic injury were lower in the early-caffeine group than in the late-caffeine group. Significant neurodevelopmental impairment (adjusted odds ratio 0.68 [95% confidence interval 0.50-0.94]) and odds of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition cognitive scores of <85 (adjusted odds ratio 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.47-0.95]) were lower in the early-caffeine group than in the late-caffeine group. Propensity score-based matched-pair analyses revealed lower odds of cerebral palsy and hearing impairment only. CONCLUSIONS Early caffeine therapy is associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with late caffeine therapy in preterm infants born at <29 weeks' gestation.
2.
Association of early caffeine administration and neonatal outcomes in very preterm neonates.
Lodha, A, Seshia, M, McMillan, DD, Barrington, K, Yang, J, Lee, SK, Shah, PS, ,
JAMA pediatrics. 2015;(1):33-8
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Advantages of caffeine for apnea of prematurity have prompted clinicians to use it prophylactically even before apnea. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of early initiation of caffeine therapy on neonatal outcomes in very preterm infants born in Canada. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients included preterm neonates born at less than 31 weeks' gestation admitted to 29 participating Canadian Neonatal Network neonatal intensive care units between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012. EXPOSURES Neonates who received caffeine were divided into 2 groups based on the following timing of caffeine initiation: within the first 2 days after birth (early) and on or after the third day following birth (late). MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE A composite of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. RESULTS Of 5517 eligible neonates, 5101 (92.5%) received caffeine (early: 3806 [74.6%]; late: 1295 [25.4%]). There was no difference in weight or gestational age at birth between the groups. Neonates in the early group had decreased odds of a composite outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98) and patent ductus arteriosus (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89). There was no difference between the groups in mortality (AOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.70-1.37), necrotizing enterocolitis (AOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.65-1.20), severe neurological injury (AOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.01), or severe retinopathy of prematurity (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.56-1.10). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In very preterm neonates, early (prophylactic) caffeine use was associated with a reduction in the rates of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus. No adverse impact on any other outcomes was observed.