1.
The effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Li, D, Cai, Z, Pan, Z, Yang, Y, Zhang, J
BMC endocrine disorders. 2021;(1):106
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have not been well established. We conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on glycemic control, inflammation and oxidative stress for women with GDM. METHODS A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library up to July, 2020. Various results were pooled by using Review manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by I-squared (I2) tests. RESULTS Six hundred ninety-eight patients from 12 trials were included in our meta-analysis. Magnesium, zinc, selenium, calcium, vitamin D and E (alone or in combination) were found to significantly improve glycemic control in women with GDM compared to those receiving placebos: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD = - 9.02; 95% CI: - 12.09, - 5.96; P < 0.00001), serum insulin (MD = - 4.33; 95% CI: - 5.35, - 3.32; P < 0.00001), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD = - 1.34; 95% CI: - 1.60, - 1.07; P < 0.00001), and homeostasis model of assessment for β cell function (HOMA-B) (MD = - 15.58; 95% CI: - 23.70, - 7.46; P = 0.0002). Vitamin and mineral supplementation was found to attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress through decreasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (MD = - 1.29; 95% CI: - 1.82, - 0.76; P < 0.00001), malondialdehyde (MDA) (MD = - 0.71; 95% CI: - 0.97, - 0.45; P < 0.00001), and increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (MD = 45.55; 95% CI: 22.02, 69.08; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows that vitamin and mineral supplementation significantly improved glycemic control, attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress in women with GDM.
2.
Goethite colloid enhanced Pu transport through a single saturated fracture in granite.
Lin, J, Dang, H, Xie, J, Li, M, Zhou, G, Zhang, J, Zhang, H, Yi, X
Journal of contaminant hydrology. 2014;:251-8
Abstract
α-FeOOH, a stable iron oxide in nature, can strongly absorb the low-solubility plutonium (Pu) in aquifers. However, whether Pu transports though a single saturated fracture can be enhanced in the presence of α-FeOOH colloids remains unknown. Experimental studies were carried out to evaluate Pu mobilization at different water flow velocity, as affected by goethite colloids with various concentrations. Goethite nanorods were used to prepare (α-FeOOH)-associated Pu suspensions with α-FeOOH concentration of (0-150) mgL(-1). The work experimentally evidenced that α-FeOOH colloid does enhance transport of Pu through fractured granites. The fraction of mobile (239)Pu (RPu, m=41.5%) associated with the α-FeOOH of an extremely low colloid concentration (0.2mgL(-1)) is much larger than that in absence of α-FeOOH (RPu, m=6.98%). However, plutonium mobility began to decrease when α-FeOOH concentration was increased to 1.0mgL(-1). On the other hand, the fraction of mobile Pu increased gradually with the water flow velocity. Based on the experimental data, the mechanisms underlying the (α-FeOOH)-associated plutonium transport are comprehensively discussed in view of its dynamic deposition onto the granite surfaces, which is decided mainly by the relative interaction between the colloid particle and the immobile surface. This interaction is a balance of electrostatic force (may be repulsive or attractive), the van der Walls force, and the shear stress of flow.
3.
Early-age characteristics of red mud-coal gangue cementitious material.
Zhang, N, Sun, H, Liu, X, Zhang, J
Journal of hazardous materials. 2009;(1-3):927-32
Abstract
This experimental research was to investigate the possibility of incorporating red mud and coal gangue as raw materials for the production of red mud-coal gangue cementitious material, abbreviated as RGC, including analyses of its chemical composition, physical properties, mechanical properties and hydration products. The red mud and coal gangue (at a ratio of 3:2) were mixed together and shaped in small spheres with a water to solid ratio of 0.30 and then calcined at 600 degrees C for 2h. Subsequently, the RGC was prepared by blending 50% the resultant red mud-coal gangue mixtures, 24% blast-furnace slag, 20% clinker and 6% gypsum. The hydration products of RGC were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA and SEM-EDS. The results showed that it is feasible to use red mud and coal gangue to replace up to 50% of the raw materials to produce cementitious material, which can be called as silica-alumina based cementitious material. The hydration products of RGC are mostly ettringite, calcium hydroxide and C-S-H gel. As the dominant products, C-S-H gel and ettringite are principally responsible for the strength development of RGC in early hydration process. The content of Ca(OH)(2) initially increased but later was depleted after reaching the peak value at 21 days. Moreover, it is found that the composition of the C-S-H gel shifted towards higher Si, Al and Na contents with the increase of hydration age, whereas that of Ca shifted towards lower content.