1.
Conventional polymerase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system-multi-gene/ multi-primer PCR in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis.
Bhanothu, V, Venkatesan, V
Archives of microbiology. 2019;(3):267-281
Abstract
This review mainly summarizes disease, immune-pathology and the clinical usefulness, advances, potential applications and limitations of new, cutting-edge technology (MG/MP-PCR and/or ARMS-MG/MP-PCR) in the detection of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) disease and gene polymorphism among infertile patients. The investigation was set in the Department of Zoology, Osmania University and National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India. Desired articles were critically reviewed and analysed. Keywords and NET searches were conducted in all electronic databases starting from September, 2006. Full-text English-language reviews and research articles describing FGTB, infertility, gene polymorphism, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multigene (MG)/multiprimer (MP)-PCR were included. The current review provides a comprehensive overview on the PCR and types (multiplex, nested, RT etc.) including the reagents, cycling conditions and pitfalls in the detection of FGTB disease and gene polymorphism among infertile patients. It provides limited information on MG/MP-PCR. At present, conventional PCR, MG/MP-PCR and/or amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-MG/MP-PCR have emerged as scientific innovations and perform significant function in medical research, mutational analysis and clinical investigations. This review admits that MG/MP-PCR and/or ARMS-MG/MP-PCR has the capacity to diagnose disease rapidly and to genotype a large number of samples. MG/MP-PCR and/or ARMS-MG/MP-PCR are considered as simple, reliable, non-isotopic, low-cost, fast, accurate and relatively easy-to-perform procedure. This review suggests that this method needs to be critically evaluated using huge number of clinical samples occurring across the world and then can be accredited for clinical utilization.
2.
[Hypothyroidism: from the desire for pregnancy to delivery].
Ouzounian, S, Bringer-Deutsch, S, Jablonski, C, Théron-Gérard, L, Snaifer, E, Cédrin-Durnerin, I, Hugues, JN
Gynecologie, obstetrique & fertilite. 2007;(3):240-8
Abstract
The link between hypothyroidism and infertility is still a matter of debate. Hypothyroidism can result in cycle disturbances, such as oligomennorhea and functional bleeding. Additionally, several studies have shown that thyroid autoimmunity (detection of anti peroxydase antibodies) may account for the occurrence of repetitive miscarriages. In infertility work-up, screening thyroid function should be specifically recommended for women with clinical hypothyroidism, with a personal, familial history of thyroid or other auto immune diseases (such as type I diabetes) as well as for women with unexplained anovulation or functional bleeding. Moreover, detection of thyroid antibody seems to be worthwhile for the assessment of recurrent miscarriages, due to the potential benefit of thyroid supplementation. In pregnant women, assessment of thyroid function seems specifically crucial to ensure adequate foetal development. Indeed, it has been well established that untreated maternal hypothyroidism may be associated with disturbances of brain development and low intellectual quotient. Additionally, other foetal (growth deficiency, premature birth, low birth weight) as well as maternal (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia...) complications have been also reported in pregnant women with untreated hypothyroidism. Consequently, screening of thyroid function should be performed in every woman at risk of thyroid disease. Recent studies even advocate that thyroid screening should be extended to the overall pregnant population. The objective is to adjust L-thyroxin supplementation to maintain serum TSH concentrations below the threshold of 2.5 mUI/l. Finally, iodine deficiency, currently observed in pregnant women, should be prevented by iodine supply prior to conception, during pregnancy and during breast feeding as well.
3.
The impact of obesity in urology.
Mydlo, JH
The Urologic clinics of North America. 2004;(2):275-87
Abstract
The incidence and progression of urologic diseases, as well as several urologic cancers.depend on many interrelated factors, such as obesity, diet, genetics, environment, age, and the immune system. Obesity is a risk factor for stress urinary incontinence, ED, infertility, and renal calculi. Numerous publications have demonstrated that a high dietary intake of fat increases prostate cancer risk, although the mechanisms are not clear. Although some reports may demonstrate an association between obesity and prostate cancer, it may be hard to establish because, in general, men with obesity have a high-fat diet. Obesity, recurrent urinary tract infections, increased intake of protein and fried foods, and female sex seem to increase the risk of renal cancer. Environmental toxins seem to be the major factors affecting the incidence of bladder cancers. Thus, dietary modification and other public health measures directed at reducing weight may reduce the incidence of urologic illnesses. More studies are necessary to determine the therapeutic effects of weight loss and dietary modification on the incidence and progression of urologic tumors.