1.
Consumption of mixed fruit-juice drink and vitamin C reduces postprandial stress induced by a high fat meal in healthy overweight subjects.
Peluso, I, Villano, DV, Roberts, SA, Cesqui, E, Raguzzini, A, Borges, G, Crozier, A, Catasta, G, Toti, E, Serafini, M
Current pharmaceutical design. 2014;(6):1020-4
Abstract
Postprandial stress induced by acute consumption of meals with a high fat content results in an increase of markers of cardiometabolic risk. Repeated acute dietary stress may induce a persistent low-grade inflammation, playing a role in the pathogenesis of functional gut diseases. This may cause an impairment of the complex immune response of the gastrointestinal mucosa, which results in a breakdown of oral tolerance. We investigated the effect of ingestion of a fruit-juice drink (FJD) composed by multiple fruit juice and extracts, green tea extracts and vitamin C on postprandial stress induced by a High Fat Meal (HFM) in healthy overweight subjects. Following a double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over design, 15 healthy overweight subjects were randomized to a HFM providing 1334 Kcal (55% fat, 30% carbohydrates and 15% proteins) in combination with 500 mL of a placebo drink (HFM-P) or a fruit-juice drink (HFM-FJD). Ingestion of HFM-P led to an increase in circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, TNF-α and IL-6. Ingestion of HFM-FJD significantly reduced plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, decreasing inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and IL-6. Ingestion of a fruit-juice drink reduce markers of postprandial stress induced by a HFM.
2.
Conjugated linoleic acid improves airway hyper-reactivity in overweight mild asthmatics.
MacRedmond, R, Singhera, G, Attridge, S, Bahzad, M, Fava, C, Lai, Y, Hallstrand, TS, Dorscheid, DR
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010;(7):1071-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are naturally occurring fatty acids that have multiple biological properties including the regulation of metabolic, proliferative and immune processes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of CLA as a dietary supplement in mild asthma. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-eight adult subjects (aged 19-40 years) with mild asthma (FEV(1)>70% predicted) were randomized to CLA 4.5 g/day or placebo for 12 weeks in addition to usual treatment. On average, subjects were overweight with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.9 kg/m(2). RESULTS Subjects in the CLA group had a significant improvement in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) at week 12 compared with week 0 [PC(20) 6.6 (2.1) mg/mL vs. 2.2 (0.7) mg/mL; P<0.05]. The CLA group had a significant reduction in weight and BMI compared with placebo and this was associated with a reduction in leptin/adiponectin ratio. There were no differences in systemic cytokine levels, induced sputum cell counts, quality-of-life scores or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS CLA treatment as an adjunct to usual care in overweight mild asthmatics was well tolerated and was associated with improvements in AHR and BMI.
3.
Downregulation of genes involved in NFkappaB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after weight loss is associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity in individuals with the metabolic syndrome: the GENOBIN study.
de Mello, VD, Kolehmainen, M, Pulkkinen, L, Schwab, U, Mager, U, Laaksonen, DE, Niskanen, L, Gylling, H, Atalay, M, Rauramaa, R, et al
Diabetologia. 2008;(11):2060-7
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkappaB) is implicated in inflammatory responses, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, while immune cells appear to play a central role in mediating insulin resistance and can be used as a model to study inflammation and its relationship with insulin resistance. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells of overweight participants with the metabolic syndrome, we evaluated (1) the effect of diet-induced weight loss on the expression of genes involved in NFkappaB activation and (2) their association with insulin sensitivity. The genes studied were: TNF receptors TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, and IL1R1, TLR4, TLR2, ICAM1, CCL5 and IKBKB. METHODS We analysed data from 34 overweight participants with abnormal glucose metabolism and the metabolic syndrome, who were randomised to a weight-reduction (n = 24) or control group (n = 10) for 33 weeks. The mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR. Measures of insulin and glucose homeostasis were assessed by IVGTT and OGTT. RESULTS In general, the genes studied were downregulated after weight loss intervention. The changes in TLR4, TLR2, CCL5 and TNFRSF1A mRNA expression were associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity index independently of the change in waist circumference (p < 0.05). The change in IKBKB expression correlated with most of the changes in gene expression in the weight-reduction group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that proteins encoded by CCL5, TLR2 and TLR4, and TNFRSF1A might contribute to insulin-resistant states that characterise obesity and the metabolic syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00621205.