1.
Plants in the real world: An introduction to the JBC Reviews thematic series.
Jez, JM
The Journal of biological chemistry. 2020;(45):15376-15377
Abstract
The deep relationship between plants and humans predates civilization, and our reliance on plants as sources of food, feed, fiber, fuels, and pharmaceuticals continues to increase. Understanding how plants grow and overcome challenges to their survival is critical for using these organisms to meet current and future demands for food and other plant-derived materials. This thematic review series on "plants in the real world" presents a set of eight reviews that highlight advances in understanding plant health, including the role of thiamine (vitamin B1), iron, and the plant immune system; how plants use ethylene and ubiquitin systems to control growth and development; and how new gene-editing approaches, the redesign of plant cell walls, and deciphering herbicide resistance evolution can lead to the next generation of crops.
2.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Immune-Mediated Neuropathies (IMNs) following Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Ren, XY, Liu, X, Huang, QS, Wang, QM, He, Y, Zhu, XL, Han, W, Chen, H, Chen, YH, Wang, FR, et al
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2019;(8):1629-1636
Abstract
Immune-mediated neuropathies (IMNs) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been described recently, which, excluding Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, may present with atypical patterns. This retrospective, nested, case-control study reviewed data from 3858 patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) during the past 10 years at a single center, and 40 patients (1.04%) with IMN following haplo-HSCT were identified. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) (P = .043) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia (P = .035) were recognized as independent risk factors for the development of IMN after haplo-HSCT. There were no significant differences in overall survival (P = .619), disease-free survival (P = .609), nonrelapse mortality (P = .87), or the incidence of relapse (P = .583) between patients with and without IMN after haplo-HSCT. However, patients with post-transplant IMN were at higher risk of developing cGVHD (P = .012) than patients who did not develop IMN. Twenty-four of the 40 patients with IMN (60%) attained neurologic improvement after treatments including vitamins B1 and B12 and/or immunomodulatory agents. However, 19 (47.5%) patients still had persistent motor/sensory deficits despite receiving timely treatment. More studies are needed to help develop standardized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with post-transplant IMN.
3.
Patterns of Death in Patients with Sepsis and the Use of Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid, and Thiamine to Prevent These Deaths.
Marik, PE
Surgical infections. 2018;(8):812-820
Abstract
Background: In general, patients with sepsis die from the host response to the infecting pathogen rather than from the infecting pathogen itself. Four patterns of death have been identified in sepsis, namely vasoplegic shock, single-organ respiratory failure (acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), multi-system organ failure (MSOF), and persistent MSOF with ongoing inflammation and immunosuppression with recurrent infections (persistent inflammation-immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome [PICS]). To improve the outcome of sepsis adjunctive therapies that modulate the immune system have been tested; these therapies that have targeted specific molecules or pathways have universally failed. Conclusion: We propose that the combination of hydrocortisone, intravenous ascorbic acid, and thiamine (HAT therapy), which synergistically targets multiple pathways, restores the dysregulated immune system and organ injury, and reduces the risk of death and organ failure following sepsis.
4.
Quantitation of plasma thiamine, related metabolites and plasma protein oxidative damage markers in children with autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls.
Anwar, A, Marini, M, Abruzzo, PM, Bolotta, A, Ghezzo, A, Visconti, P, Thornalley, PJ, Rabbani, N
Free radical research. 2016;(sup1):S85-S90
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To assess thiamine and related metabolite status by analysis of plasma and urine in autistic children and healthy controls, correlations to clinical characteristics and link to plasma protein markers of oxidative damage. METHODS 27 children with autism (21 males and 6 females) and 21 (15 males and 6 females) age-matched healthy control children were recruited. The concentration of thiamine and related phosphorylated metabolites in plasma and urine and plasma protein content of dityrosine, N-formylkynurenine and 3-nitrotyrosine was determined. RESULTS Plasma thiamine and thiamine monophosphate concentrations were similar in both study groups (median [lower-upper quartile]): autistic children - 6.60 nM (4.48-8.91) and 7.00 nM (5.51-8.55), and healthy controls - 6.82 nM (4.47-7.02) and 6.82 nM (5.84-8.91), respectively. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) was decreased 24% in autistic children compared to healthy controls: 6.82 nM (5.81-8.52) versus 9.00 nM (8.41-10.71), p < .01. Urinary excretion of thiamine and fractional renal clearance of thiamine did not change between the groups. No correlation was observed between clinical markers and the plasma and urine thiamine concentration. Plasma protein dityrosine content was increased 88% in ASD. Other oxidative markers were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Autistic children had normal plasma and urinary thiamine levels whereas plasma TPP concentration was decreased. The latter may be linked to abnormal tissue handling and/or absorption from gut microbiota of TPP which warrants further investigation. Increased plasma protein dityrosine may reflect increased dual oxidase activity in response to change in mucosal immunity and host-microbe homeostasis.
5.
[Evaluation of vitamin and immune status of patients with chronic palatal tonsillitis].
Aleszczyk, J, Miełańjin, W, Chomicz, T, Gurynowicz, W, Osakowicz, I, Suszko, L, Gorensztejn, B, Diurdz, T
Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology. 2001;(1):65-7
Abstract
Authors revealed considerable decrease substance of vitamins at patients with chronic tonsillitis in depending on degree of difficulty illness and presence of complication. Content of vitamins B1, B2 and C is decreased more than rest. Results of immune investigations register lowering phagocytic activity of leucocyte and cell immunity at patient with chronic tonsillitis in the presence of the complication.