1.
Visceral obesity, skeletal muscle mass and resistin in metabolic syndrome development.
Rodríguez-López, CP, González-Torres, MC, Cruz-Bautista, I, Nájera-Medina, O
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2019;36(1):43-50
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Plain language summary
Obesity is a growing public health problem at a national and global level. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the most bioactive component that is related with the release of inflammatory mediators which gives rise to insulin resistance, mainly local, and subsequently in liver and skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of body components with the concentration of resistin as an inflammatory marker in patients with overweight and obesity. The study is an observational, cross-sectional clinical study which analysed 40 participants with an age range between 18 and 40 years. Results indicate that: - as body mass index and VAT increased, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and biochemical indicators were altered. - persons with obesity and increased VAT had the highest proportions of metabolic syndrome (MS). - an increase in skeletal muscle is related with increased BMI and with the presence of increased VAT. - there was a significant increase in resistin concentration in individuals without MS and increased VAT compared to those without MS and normal VAT. Authors conclude that resistin might be acting as an inflammatory adipocytokine [a bioactive product produced by adipose tissue], contributing to the increase in frequency of MS in those persons who present increased levels of this cytokine.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Background: obesity implies an increase in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which is a risk factor for various metabolic diseases. VAT releases proinflammatory mediators, like resistin. In addition, it has been noted that the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective: this study was designed to determine the relationship of body components (VAT and SMM) with MS and resistin in patients with obesity. Methods: body composition and anthropometric and biochemical measurements to assess MS, and ELISA tests for resistin were carried out in 40 patients aged 18-40 years. Results: overweight and obesity were observed in 72% of patients; visceral obesity was found in 53% and 35% had MS. A positive correlation between VAT and SMM in patients with MS was detected. In the entire population, an increase of 1 kg of SMM was found to be associated with an increase of 3 cm2 of VAT, and an increase of 4 cm2 of VAT was observed in individuals with MS. According to resistin, people with increased VAT had higher concentration than persons with normal VAT. Furthermore, an increase of 1 cm2 of VAT accounted for a person entertaining a 3.3 fold greater risk of MS for different values of SMM and resistin. Conclusion: the transcendence and significance of VAT as a main factor in triggering the chronic inflammatory process and MS, the SMM and resistin were also related. INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la obesidad implica un aumento del tejido adiposo visceral (TAV), el cual es un factor de riesgo para varias enfermedades metabólicas. El VAT se relaciona con mediadores proinflamatorios, como la resistina. Además, se ha observado que la masa musculoesquelética (MME) interviene en el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: este estudio fue diseñado para determinar la relación de la composición corporal (TAV y MME) con el SM y la resistina en pacientes con obesidad. Métodos: se realizaron medidas antropométricas, de composición corporal y bioquímica para determinar el SM y prueba de ELISA para resistina en 40 pacientes de 18 a 40 años de edad. Resultados: se observó sobrepeso y obesidad en el 72% de los participantes, obesidad visceral en el 53% y el 35% presentó SM. Se detectó una correlación positiva entre el TAV y la MME en pacientes con SM. En el grupo de estudio encontramos que un aumento de un 1 kg de MME se asociaba con un incremento de 3 cm2 de TAV y en individuos con SM, con un incremento de 4 cm2 de TAV. En relación con la resistina, las personas con TAV incrementado presentan concentraciones más altas que las personas con TAV normal. Además, se observó que un aumento de 1 cm2 de TAV representa un riesgo 3,3 veces mayor que para las personas de padecer SM para diferentes valores de MME y de resistina. Conclusión: además de la trascendencia y la importancia del TAV como factor principal para desencadenar el proceso inflamatorio crónico y el SM, se observó que la MME y la resistina también están relacionadas.
2.
Vitamin D nutritional status and its relationship with metabolic changes in adolescents and adults with severe obesity.
Teixeira, JS, Bull Ferreira Campos, A, Cordeiro, A, Pereira, SE, Saboya, CJ, Ramalho, A
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2018;35(4):847-853
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Plain language summary
In adolescents, severe obesity may lead to a high risk of premature mortality and morbidity in adult life. Increased vitamin D deficiency (VDD) occurs together with obesity. The main aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of vitamin D and metabolic profile in adolescents and adults with obesity. The study is a comparative observational study which included 128 individuals. A total of 60 participants comprised the adolescent group (G1), (63.3% female) whereas 68 participants comprised the adult group (G2), (75% female). Results indicate: - a high prevalence of inadequacy of Vitamin D in both groups. - a trend of association of elevated blood glucose with the inadequacy of Vitamin D in the adolescent group. - a high prevalence of VDD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both groups. - no relationship between Vitamin D and high blood pressure or metabolic syndrome in any of the groups evaluated. Authors conclude that strategies for the prevention and control of obesity and for the fight against the inadequacy of the nutritional status of vitamin D should be developed.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION increased vitamin D deficiency occurs together with obesity and the association between these conditions has been observed. OBJECTIVE to assess the nutritional status of vitamin D and metabolic profile in adolescents and adults with obesity, and the relationship between complications arising from severe class of obesity with vitamin D nutritional status, and to compare the differences between these groups. METHODS observational comparative study. Population comprises adolescents and adults with severe obesity. Waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Analysis of vitamin D (25(OH)D), lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose, fasting insulinemia, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and diagnoses of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) were performed. RESULTS a total of 60 adolescents (G1) and 68 adults (G2) were evaluated. The percentage of vitamin D inadequacy was observed in 90% in G1 and 79.4% in G2. There was a negative and significant correlation of BMI with the values of 25(OH)D in the group of adults (r = -0.244; p = 0.045). Individuals with inadequacy of vitamin D showed higher values of CRP in both groups (p = 0.000). HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation with 25(OH)D in G1 (r = -0.832; p = 0.000) and G2 (r = -0.589; p = 0.000). The inadequacy of this vitamin showed association with high total cholesterol in G1 (p = 0.029) and higher values of LDL-c in G2 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION high prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D were observed, associated with metabolic changes both in obese adults and adolescents. It is necessary to develop strategies for the prevention and control of obesity and vitamin D deficiency.
3.
Mindfulness Is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome among Individuals with a Depressive Symptomatology.
Guyot, E, Baudry, J, Hercberg, S, Galan, P, Kesse-Guyot, E, Péneau, S
Nutrients. 2018;10(2)
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Plain language summary
Metabolic syndrome is a combination of risk factors including obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and a poor lipid profile. Dispositional mindfulness is a psychological trait that is defined as a non-judgemental awareness of the present moment. While mindfulness has been shown to produce beneficial effects on physical and mental health, no study has examined the associated between mindfulness and the metabolic syndrome risk factors. The aim of this cross-sectional web-based study was to explore the relationship between mindfulness and metabolic syndrome in modifying depressive symptomology across 17,490 individuals. Participants attended a clinical exam and completed the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire to assess dispositional mindfulness. Depressive symptomology was measured through self-administered online questionnaires at the beginning of the study and each year of follow-up. This study found that individuals with higher levels of overall mindfulness were less likely to present with metabolic syndrome, but only among individuals showing depressive symptomology. Based on these results, the authors conclude it is important to encourage mindfulness practices in patients at risk of metabolic syndrome, particularly among those with depressive symptomology. More longitudinal studies are required to better understand mindfulness-based interventions in the clinical setting.
Abstract
The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a major public health burden. Dispositional mindfulness has recently been associated with eating disorders, being overweight, and could therefore be associated with the MetS. We aimed to examine in a cross-sectional design the relationship between mindfulness, the MetS, and its risk factors in a large sample of the adult general population and the influence of depressive symptomatology on this association. Adults participating in the NutriNet-Santé study who had completed the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire and attended a clinical and biological examination were available for inclusion. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were performed. A total of 17,490 individuals were included. Among individuals with a depressive symptomatology, those with higher mindfulness were less likely to have a MetS (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93), a high waist circumference, a low HDL-cholesterol level and an elevated fasting blood glucose level (all p <0.05). In those without depressive symptomatology, individuals with higher mindfulness were less likely to have a high waist circumference (p <0.01). In conclusion, higher mindfulness was associated with lower odds of developing a MetS only among individuals with a depressive symptomatology.