1.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Plasma proteomics in the randomized WELCOME* trial.
Manousopoulou, A, Scorletti, E, Smith, DE, Teng, J, Fotopoulos, M, Roumeliotis, TI, Clough, GF, Calder, PC, Byrne, CD, Garbis, SD
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2019;(4):1952-1955
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver condition characterised by liver fat accumulation and often considered to be the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine in patients with NAFLD the system-wide effects of treatment with docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA + EPA) versus placebo on the plasma proteome. METHODS Plasma from patients that participated in a 15-18 months randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial testing the effects of 4 g DHA + EPA daily was analysed using depletion-free quantitative proteomics. RESULTS Bioinformatics interpretation of the proteomic analysis showed that DHA + EPA treatment affected pathways involving blood coagulation, immune/inflammatory response and cholesterol metabolism (p < 0.05). Two key proteins of cardiovascular risk, prothrombin and apolipoprotein B-100, were shown to decrease as a result of DHA + EPA supplementation [Prothrombin: Males DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.13 (0.20) p = 0.05, Females DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.48 (0.35) p = 0.03; Apo B-100: Males DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.24 (0.16) p = 0.01, Females DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.15 (0.05) p = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Plasma proteomics applied in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial showed that high dose DHA + EPA treatment in patients with NAFLD affects multiple pathways involved in chronic non-communicable diseases.
2.
Effect of weight loss on neutrophil resolvins in the metabolic syndrome.
Barden, A, Shinde, S, Tsai, IJ, Croft, KD, Beilin, LJ, Puddey, IB, Mori, TA
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. 2019;:25-29
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-resolving inflammation associates with obesity and insulin resistance, and may be dependent on the balance of inflammatory substances and specialised pro-resolving mediators of inflammation (SPM) that act to halt the inflammatory response. This controlled trial examined the effect of weight loss on neutrophil synthesis of SPM in volunteers with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Volunteers with MetS (n = 42) were matched for age and gender and randomly assigned to a 12-wk weight loss program followed by 4-wk weight stabilization or a 16-wk weight maintenance program. At baseline and 16 weeks, isolated neutrophils were stimulated with calcium ionophore and the released SPM were measured by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS At baseline the SPM resolvin (Rv) E1, 18R-RvE3, RvD2 and Maresin-1 (MaR-1) were detected from stimulated neutrophils. The concentration of released RvE1 was at least 6-fold that of other detected SPM. Weight loss of 4.7 ± 0.8 kg, led to a 2-fold increase in RvE1, P = 0.013, relative to the weight maintenance group. The increase in RvE1 after weight loss was related to, but independent of leukotriene B4. CONCLUSION Following weight loss, human neutrophils from individuals with the metabolic syndrome are capable of releasing larger amounts of RvE1 upon stimulation.