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The Effect of a Life-Style Intervention Program of Diet and Exercise on Irisin and FGF-21 Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity.
Karampatsou, SI, Genitsaridi, SM, Michos, A, Kourkouni, E, Kourlaba, G, Kassari, P, Manios, Y, Charmandari, E
Nutrients. 2021;(4)
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represent major public health problems of our century, and account for increased morbidity and mortality in adult life. Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) have been proposed as prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers in subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome, because they increase earlier than other traditional biomarkers. We determined the concentrations of Irisin and FGF-21 in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity before and after one year of a life-style intervention program of diet and physical exercise and explored the impact of body mass index (BMI) reduction on the concentrations of Irisin, FGF-21 and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Three hundred and ten (n = 310) children and adolescents (mean age ± SD: 10.5 ± 2.9 years) were studied prospectively. Following one year of the life-style intervention program, there was a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.024), waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.024), and Irisin concentrations (p = 0.001), and an improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. There was no alteration in FGF-21 concentrations. These findings indicate that Irisin concentrations decreased significantly as a result of BMI reduction in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Further studies are required to investigate the potential role of Irisin as a biomarker for monitoring the response to lifestyle interventions and for predicting the development of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Daneshi-Maskooni, M, Keshavarz, SA, Qorbani, M, Mansouri, S, Alavian, SM, Badri-Fariman, M, Jazayeri-Tehrani, SA, Sotoudeh, G
BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2019;(1):59
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the reported health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no human research has studied its potency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic part of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was determining the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. METHODS The place of participant recruitment was the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital in Tehran. Based on the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria, 87 participants were randomly divided into two groups as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The supplementation was two 500 mg capsules 3 times/day with meals for 3 months. Serum irisin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also calculated. RESULTS In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased irisin, HDL-c, and QUICKI and decreased FBI, TG, LDL-c, HOMA-IR, and the grade of fatty liver (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the changes were similar (P < 0.05) with an exception for LDL-c which had a trend (P = 0.07). The differences in FBS, TC, and body mass index (BMI) were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION GC supplement improved the grade of fatty liver, serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. The changes in these biomarkers may yield beneficial effects on NAFLD. Further trials on the efficacy of GC for clinical practice are suggested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4 . Registered 27/12/2015.
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Evaluation of irisin and visfatin levels in very low birth weight preterm newborns compared to full term newborns-A prospective cohort study.
Mól, N, Zasada, M, Tomasik, P, Klimasz, K, Kwinta, P
PloS one. 2018;(9):e0204835
Abstract
Premature infants represent one of the groups with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Our study is the first one to evaluate irisin and visfatin levels, associated with the metabolic syndrome, both in blood of preterm and full-term infants, as well as in the breastmilk of their mothers. A total of 72 newborns was enrolled in the study, including 53 very low birth weight preterm infants and a control group of 19 term infants. The levels of irisin and visfatin were determined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay both in the baby serum and maternal milk twice, first during the 1st week of life and then 4 weeks later. Preterm infants had significantly lower serum irisin levels compared to the term infants. Overall, serum irisin level during the 1st week of life was positively correlated with several anthropometric measurements at birth, as well as during 5th weeks of age. In contrast, serum visfatin levels during 5th week of life were negatively correlated with z-scores of birth weight, weight and head circumference during 5th week of age. We found a strong negative correlation between serum irisin and serum visfatin levels at both analyzed time points. The level of milk visfatin was significantly higher in the mothers of the preterm group during 5th week of life. In conclusion, our results provide further evidence that irisin and visfatin may play physiologic roles in development of both preterm and full-term newborns during their first month after birth. Observed differences in irisin and visfatin serum and breastmilk concentrations during the earliest stages of life may contribute to development of catch up growth, but also, they might eventually lead to a higher risk for metabolic syndrome in prematurely born children in later years.
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Relationship of Circulating Irisin with Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders in the Pediatric Population.
Elizondo-Montemayor, L, Mendoza-Lara, G, Gutierrez-DelBosque, G, Peschard-Franco, M, Nieblas, B, Garcia-Rivas, G
International journal of molecular sciences. 2018;(12)
Abstract
Exercise-induced irisin, a recently discovered myokine, has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and other diseases in adults; however, information in children is scarce and contradictory. We analyzed the limited evidence of irisin's effects in children and adolescents, and its association with body composition, exercise training, cardiovascular risk factors, and metabolic diseases, as well as the results of dietetic interventions. Both positive and negative correlations between irisin concentrations and body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, and other anthropometric parameters were found. Likewise, contradictory evidence was shown associating irisin plasma levels with cardiovascular and metabolic parameters such as glucose, insulin resistance, and cholesterol and other lipid and fatty acid plasma levels in healthy children, as well as in those with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gender, puberty, and hormonal differences were also examined. Furthermore, important contradictory findings according to the type and duration of exercise and of dietetic interventions in healthy and unhealthy subjects were demonstrated. In addition, correlations between mother⁻infant relations and circulating irisin were also identified. This review discusses the potential role of irisin in health and disease in the pediatric population.
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Irisin Serum Levels in Metabolic Syndrome Patients Treated with Three Different Diets: A Post-Hoc Analysis from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Osella, AR, Colaianni, G, Correale, M, Pesole, PL, Bruno, I, Buongiorno, C, Deflorio, V, Leone, CM, Colucci, SC, Grano, M, et al
Nutrients. 2018;(7)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, a hormone-like myokine, regulates energy homeostasis and mediates the benefits of physical activity on health. METHODS To estimate the effect of different diets on irisin concentrations in subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). METHODS Subjects with MetS were derived from a population survey; 163 subjects were enrolled and randomized to a: Low Glycaemic Index (LGID), Mediterranean (MD) or Low Glycaemic Index Mediterranean (LGIMD) Diet, and the groups were compared, also with 80 controls without MetS. Sociodemographic, medical and nutritional data were collected and fasting blood samples drawn. Subjects underwent LUS and bioimpedentiometry. Generalized Estimating Equations were performed. RESULTS At baseline, lower irisin concentrations were observed in MetS subjects. Mean irisin levels increased in all diet groups but only the LGID group reached statistical significance, as well as showing an interaction between LGID and time at the sixth month examination (4.57, 95% CI −1.27, 7.87). There was a positive effect of Vegetable Proteins (0.03, 95% CI −0.01,0.06) and Saturated Fatty Acids (0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.07) on irisin concentrations. In the LGIMD, a positive effect on Fat-Free Mass (0.38, 95% CI 0.19, 0.57) and a negative effect on the Body Mass Index (−0.75, 95% CI −1.30, −0.19) were observed. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be a link between diet and muscle physiology. We showed that patients following a LGID had higher levels of irisin, a promising biomarker of muscle activity.
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Growth Hormone Treatment Increases Plasma Irisin Concentration in Patients with Turner Syndrome.
Wikiera, B, Zawadzka, K, Łaczmański, Ł, Słoka, N, Bolanowski, M, Basiak, A, Noczyńska, A, Daroszewski, J
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2017;(2):122-128
Abstract
Irisin (Ir) deficiency may be a contributing factor in metabolic disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of supraphysiological doses of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on Ir plasma concentration in relation to metabolic disorders, including obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome. We studied 36 girls with Turner syndrome (mean age 8.2 years) treated with rhGH (0.05 mg/kg/day). Anthropometric data and fasting blood levels [e. g., Ir, insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), IGF-1, IGFBP-3, cholesterol, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and β-cell function (HOMA-β)] were analyzed prior to and following rhGH therapy [mean (SD) follow-up of 1.47 (0.89) years]. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) was calculated before and after the glucose load. Following rhGH therapy, an increase in IGF-1 [mean (SD) of 119.40 (62.47) ng/ml to 439.08 (209.91) ng/ml, p=0.000], Ir [2.10 (1.03) μg/ml to 2.48 (0.78) μg/ml, p=0.036], HOMA-IR [median (IQR) of 0.64 (0.45-1.30) to 0.92 (0.67-2.36), p=0.0206], and HOMA-β values [45.00 (27.69-72.00) to 81.53 (51.43-132.00), p=0.0447] were observed. Multiple regression analysis yielded no associations between Ir and metabolic and hormonal parameters before rhGH treatment; however, on rhGH, the model (R2=0.56, adjusted R2=0.45) showed positive associations between Ir and IGF-1 standard deviation score and HbA1c, and negative associations between Ir and fasting blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Despite manifestation of insulin resistance, rhGH application had a positive effect on Ir regulation, and restored physiological conditions of lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Effects of lifestyle modification and metformin on irisin and FGF21 among HIV-infected subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
Srinivasa, S, Wong, K, Fitch, KV, Wei, J, Petrow, E, Cypess, AM, Torriani, M, Grinspoon, SK
Clinical endocrinology. 2015;(5):678-85
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated irisin and FGF21 to elucidate the role of these hormones to regulate 'beiging' in HIV-infected patients. DESIGN Fifty HIV-infected subjects with the metabolic syndrome were previously recruited and randomized to receive lifestyle modification (LSM) and/or metformin over 12 months. In the current study, we assessed FGF21 and irisin at baseline and after intervention. In addition, we assessed circulating FGF21 and irisin in relationship to brown adipose tissue (BAT) gene expression in dorsocervical subcutaneous fat biopsies from 13 HIV-infected subjects. RESULTS At baseline, prior to intervention, HIV-infected subjects demonstrated increased log FGF21 (2·13 ± 0·06 vs 1·98 ± 0·05 pg/ml, P = 0·05) and log irisin (0·33 ± 0·02 vs 0·17 ± 0·04 μg/ml, P = 0·003) compared with healthy controls well matched based on waist circumference. After 12 months, HIV-infected subjects randomized to LSM demonstrated a relative reduction in FGF21 compared with those not randomized to LSM (-10 [-35,22] vs 40 [0,94] %change, P = 0·01). Changes in FGF21 were inversely associated with improved parameters of energy homoeostasis, including increased REE (ρ = -0·34, P = 0·046) and max VO2 (ρ = -0·38, P = 0·02), and reduced RQ (ρ = 0·40, P = 0·02) among all HIV-infected subjects. Increased UCP-1 (r = 0·75, P = 0·003), DIO2 (r = 0·58, P = 0·04) and CideA (r = 0·73, P = 0·01) gene expression in dorsocervical fat was significantly associated with FGF21 in HIV-infected subjects. CONCLUSION HIV-infected subjects with metabolic complications demonstrate increases in FGF21 in relationship to BAT gene expression. Relative reductions in FGF21 in those receiving long-term LSM relate to overall improvements in energy expenditure parameters. In contrast, irisin levels are elevated in HIV-infected subjects, but are not influenced by LSM nor associated with BAT gene expression.
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Elevated circulating levels of irisin and the effect of metformin treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Li, M, Yang, M, Zhou, X, Fang, X, Hu, W, Zhu, W, Wang, C, Liu, D, Li, S, Liu, H, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2015;(4):1485-93
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an insulin resistance (IR) state, like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although previous studies have suggested a correlation between irisin and the metabolic parameters associated with obesity and T2DM, the results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to (1) determine circulating irisin levels in women with PCOS and control subjects, (2) examine the relationship of irisin and conventional markers of insulin resistance, and (3) examine irisin changes with interventions modulating IR in PCOS women. PATIENTS AND DESIGN This study was comprised of a series of cross-sectional and interventional studies of 178 PCOS and 123 healthy women from the general population and outpatients of the Internal Medicine Department at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China. Forty seven women with PCOS were randomly assigned to 6 months of oral metformin (850 mg bid). The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were performed to assess glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Outcome measures were IR (AUC(Insulin) and M values) on an OGTT and EHC, irisin levels, and metabolic markers. RESULTS Circulating irisin was significantly higher in both overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) and PCOS women (P < .01). Circulating irisin levels correlated with BMI, WHR, FAT%, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), AUC(Insulin), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), M values, and free androgen index (FAI). During EHC, short-term hyperinsulinemia exhibited an inhibitory effect on irisin levels. After 6 months of metformin treatment, there was a significant decrease in circulating irisin in PCOS women following improved IR. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that irisin may be a useful marker of IR in PCOS women.
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Plasma irisin depletion under energy restriction is associated with improvements in lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients.
de la Iglesia, R, Lopez-Legarrea, P, Crujeiras, AB, Pardo, M, Casanueva, FF, Zulet, MA, Martinez, JA
Clinical endocrinology. 2014;(2):306-11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recently discovered myokine, irisin, may have an important role in energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between this hormone and the lipid profile of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) following a hypocaloric diet. DESIGN Ninety-three Caucasian adults (52 men/41 women) diagnosed with MetS followed an 8-week-long energy-restricted programme (-30% of the energy requirements). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers and plasma irisin levels were analysed before and after the nutritional intervention. RESULTS Global plasma irisin levels were significantly reduced at the end of the study (-72.0 ± 100.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001) accompanying the weight loss (-6.9%). The depletion of irisin significantly correlated with changes in some atherogenic-related variables: total cholesterol (B = 0.106, P = 0.018), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (B = 0.002, P = 0.036), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (B = 0.085, P = 0.037) and apolipoprotein B (B = 0.052, P = 0.002), independently of changes in body weight. CONCLUSIONS An association between the reduction in plasma irisin levels and the depletion of important lipid metabolism biomarkers was observed in patients with MetS undergoing an energy-restricted programme.