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The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic profiles and parameters of mental health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Karamali, M, Gholizadeh, M
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2022;(1):45-49
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluating the impact of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on hormonal indices, mental health, and biomarkers of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress among female patients suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The present double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial consisted of 55 PCOS women (aged 18-40 years old), who were randomized into groups receiving 100 mg/day of CoQ10 (28 cases) or placebo (27 cases) for 12 weeks. RESULTS The supplementation of CoQ10 decreased significantly the scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (p = .03) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (p = .01) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (p = .005) when comparing with the placebo group. Moreover, CoQ10 group exhibited a significant drop in total testosterone (p = .004), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (p < .001), hirsutism (p = .002) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = .001) levels in the serum, and a significant rise in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (p < .001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < .001) levels in the serum than the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS 12-week supplementation of CoQ10 to PCOS women showed beneficial impact on BDI, BAI, hs-CRP, total testosterone, DHEAS, hirsutism, SHBG, TAC and MDA levels.
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Differential and shared effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on serum metabolome in subjects with chronic inflammation.
Chang, WC, So, J, Lamon-Fava, S
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):16324
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect cell function and metabolism, but the differential effects of EPA and DHA are not known. In a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study, we assessed the effects of 10-week supplementation with EPA-only and DHA-only (3 g/d), relative to a 4-week lead-in phase of high oleic acid sunflower oil (3 g/day, defined as baseline), on fasting serum metabolites in 21 subjects (9 men and 12 post-menopausal women) with chronic inflammation and some characteristics of metabolic syndrome. Relative to baseline, EPA significantly lowered the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates fumarate and α-ketoglutarate and increased glucuronate, UDP-glucuronate, and non-esterified DHA. DHA significantly lowered the TCA cycle intermediates pyruvate, citrate, isocitrate, fumarate, α-ketoglutarate, and malate, and increased succinate and glucuronate. Pathway analysis showed that both EPA and DHA significantly affected the TCA cycle, the interconversion of pentose and glucuronate, and alanine, and aspartate and glutamate pathways (FDR < 0.05) and that DHA had a significantly greater effect on the TCA cycle than EPA. Our results indicate that EPA and DHA exhibit both common and differential effects on cell metabolism in subjects with chronic inflammation and some key aspects of metabolic syndrome.
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Serum metabolite profiling yields insights into health promoting effect of A. muciniphila in human volunteers with a metabolic syndrome.
Depommier, C, Everard, A, Druart, C, Maiter, D, Thissen, JP, Loumaye, A, Hermans, MP, Delzenne, NM, de Vos, WM, Cani, PD
Gut microbes. 2021;(1):1994270
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Abstract
Reduction of A. muciniphila relative abundance in the gut microbiota is a widely accepted signature associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Using untargeted metabolomics profiling of fasting plasma, our study aimed at identifying metabolic signatures associated with beneficial properties of alive and pasteurized A. muciniphila when administrated to a cohort of insulin-resistant individuals with metabolic syndrome. Our data highlighted either shared or specific alterations in the metabolome according to the form of A. muciniphila administered with respect to a control group. Common responses encompassed modulation of amino acid metabolism, characterized by reduced levels of arginine and alanine, alongside several intermediates of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and glutathione metabolism. The global increase in levels of acylcarnitines together with specific modulation of acetoacetate also suggested induction of ketogenesis through enhanced β-oxidation. Moreover, our data pinpointed some metabolites of interest considering their emergence as substantial compounds pertaining to health and diseases in the more recent literature.
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Leptin-Mediated Changes in the Human Metabolome.
Lawler, K, Huang-Doran, I, Sonoyama, T, Collet, TH, Keogh, JM, Henning, E, O'Rahilly, S, Bottolo, L, Farooqi, IS
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2020;(8):2541-52
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Abstract
CONTEXT While severe obesity due to congenital leptin deficiency is rare, studies in patients before and after treatment with leptin can provide unique insights into the role that leptin plays in metabolic and endocrine function. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize changes in peripheral metabolism in people with congenital leptin deficiency undergoing leptin replacement therapy, and to investigate the extent to which these changes are explained by reduced caloric intake. DESIGN Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure 661 metabolites in 6 severely obese people with congenital leptin deficiency before, and within 1 month after, treatment with recombinant leptin. Data were analyzed using unsupervised and hypothesis-driven computational approaches and compared with data from a study of acute caloric restriction in healthy volunteers. RESULTS Leptin replacement was associated with class-wide increased levels of fatty acids and acylcarnitines and decreased phospholipids, consistent with enhanced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Primary and secondary bile acids increased after leptin treatment. Comparable changes were observed after acute caloric restriction. Branched-chain amino acids and steroid metabolites decreased after leptin, but not after acute caloric restriction. Individuals with severe obesity due to leptin deficiency and other genetic obesity syndromes shared a metabolomic signature associated with increased BMI. CONCLUSION Leptin replacement was associated with changes in lipolysis and substrate utilization that were consistent with negative energy balance. However, leptin's effects on branched-chain amino acids and steroid metabolites were independent of reduced caloric intake and require further exploration.
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Effects of Chromium and Carnitine Co-supplementation on Body Weight and Metabolic Profiles in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Jamilian, M, Foroozanfard, F, Kavossian, E, Kia, M, Aghadavod, E, Amirani, E, Asemi, Z
Biological trace element research. 2020;(2):334-341
Abstract
The primary aim of our study was to determine the influence of taking chromium plus carnitine on insulin resistance, with a secondary objective of evaluating the influences on lipid profiles and weight loss in overweight subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 54 overweight women were randomly assigned to receive either supplements (200 μg/day chromium picolinate plus 1000 mg/day carnitine) or placebo (27/each group). Chromium and carnitine co-supplementation decreased weight (- 3.6 ± 1.8 vs. - 1.0 ± 0.7 kg, P < 0.001), BMI (- 1.3 ± 0.7 vs. - 0.3 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (- 5.1 ± 6.0 vs. - 1.1 ± 4.9 mg/dL, P = 0.01), insulin (- 2.0 ± 1.4 vs. - 0.2 ± 1.2 μIU/mL, P < 0.001), insulin resistance (- 0.5 ± 0.4 vs. - 0.04 ± 0.3, P < 0.001), triglycerides (- 18.0 ± 25.2 vs. + 5.5 ± 14.4 mg/dL, P < 0.001), total (- 17.0 ± 20.3 vs. + 3.6 ± 12.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and LDL cholesterol (- 13.3 ± 19.2 vs. + 1.4 ± 13.3 mg/dL, P = 0.002), and elevated insulin sensitivity (+ 0.007 ± 0.005 vs. + 0.002 ± 0.005, P < 0.001). In addition, co-supplementation upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (P = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein receptor expression (P = 0.02). Overall, chromium and carnitine co-supplementation for 12 weeks to overweight women with PCOS had beneficial effects on body weight, glycemic control, lipid profiles except HDL cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N38.
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The Effects of Vitamin D on Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Williams, A, Babu, JR, Wadsworth, DD, Burnett, D, Geetha, T
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2020;(7):485-491
Abstract
This systematic review aims to evaluate all epidemiological evidence in the literature linking the effect of vitamin D supplementation to metabolic and hormonal functions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The literature search was performed with two databases, namely Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, until 20 May 2019 for both observational and experimental studies concerning relationships between vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome. A total of ten studies with randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial design from 2008 to 2019 were selected for this review. The inclusion criteria were women 18-45 years of age with polycystic ovary syndrome and comparing the metabolic or endocrine parameters between placebo and vitamin D supplementation groups. A total of ten studies were selected for this review. We found that vitamin D supplementation had a significant effect on insulin metabolism, total serum testosterone, hirsutism, C-reactive protein, and total antioxidant capacity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Evidence from available randomized controlled trials suggests that patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should take vitamin D supplementation for the beneficial effect of metabolic profiles. However, future research is needed regarding the beneficial effects in women who are non-obese with polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as more studies with larger sample sizes.
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Impact of Crocus Sativus L. on Metabolic Profile in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus or Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Giannoulaki, P, Kotzakioulafi, E, Chourdakis, M, Hatzitolios, A, Didangelos, T
Nutrients. 2020;(5)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies demonstrated a positive effect of administration of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and its bioactive ingredients on metabolic profile through their antioxidant capacity. PURPOSE To determine if the use of saffron in humans is beneficial to patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS This systematic review includes 14randomized control trials that investigated the impact of saffron administration and its bioactive ingredient crocin on the metabolic profile of patients with DM, MS, prediabetes, and coronary artery disease. We documented the following clinical outcomes: fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS Eight studies examined the efficacy of saffron in patients with DM, four with the metabolic syndrome, one with prediabetes and one with coronary artery disease. A favorable effect on FBG was observed. The results regarding blood lipids and blood pressure were inconclusive in the current review. CONCLUSIONS According to the available limited evidence, saffron may have a favorable effect on FBG. Many of the studies in the reviewed literature are of poor quality, and more research is needed in this direction to confirm and establish the above findings.
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The Effect of Oligopin Supplementation on Hormonal and Metabolic Profiles in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Qorbani, M, Sanginabadi, M, Mohajeri-Tehrani, MR, Karimi, S, Gerami, H, Mahdavi-Gorabi, A, Shirzad, N, Samadi, M, Baygi, F, Hosseini, S, et al
Frontiers in endocrinology. 2020;:590392
Abstract
BACKGROUND A double blind clinical trial was performed to evaluate whether the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-specific serum markers and metabolic parameters would change in the women with PCOS during the three-month administration of oligopin. METHODS In this double-blind multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 80 PCOS women, based on a 1:1 ratio, to receive oligopin (n= 40) or maltodextrin as placebo (n = 40) for up to 3 months. As PCOS-specific outcomes, we investigated the changes in testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Secondary end points were metabolic (fasting glycaemia, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipids, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), anthropometrics parameters and blood pressure from the baseline to the end of treatment. We investigated serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels as hepatic and kidney outcomes, respectively. RESULTS The first participant was enrolled on April 18, 2018, and the last study visit took place on May 14, 2019. PCOS-specific serum parameters did not change during the three-month administration of oligopin (p > 0.05), except for a small increase in the FSH levels (p=0.03). Oligopin neither changed the metabolic profile nor the anthropometric parameters or blood pressure. ALP levels was significantly increased in placebo group, as compared with oligopin (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Oligopin supplementation does not seem to be exerting a beneficial effect on both hormonal and metabolic parameters in the women with PCOS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT20140406017139N3.
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Saxagliptin Upregulates Nesfatin-1 Secretion and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Chen, K, Zhuo, T, Wang, J, Mei, Q
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2018;(7):336-341
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Saxagliptin as one of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can effectively improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nesfatin-1 is regarded as a very important factor in regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. In this trial, we observed the effect of saxagliptin on regulating nesfatin-1 secretion and ameliorating insulin resistance and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS One hundred two type 2 diabetes participants (M/F = 48/54) were investigated. Fifty-one (M/F = 24/27) of them as the treatment group were treated with oral glucose-lowering agents including saxagliptin, the other 51 (M/F = 24/27) as the control group were treated with oral glucose-lowering agents excluding any DPP-4 inhibitors. The parameters of serum nesfatin-1, C-peptide, homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) function, HOMA insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) at baseline, month 3, 6, and 12 were observed and compared respectively. RESULTS Saxagliptin significantly upregulated nesfatin-1 secretion (P < 0.001 at 3-, 6-, and 12-months vs. baseline), increased serum C-peptide (P < 0.05, 0.001, and 0.001 at 3-, 6-, and 12-months vs. baseline), improved HOMA-IR and function of HOMA-β (P < 0.001 at 3-, 6-, and 12-months vs. baseline) and metabolic profiles (P < 0.001 with HbA1c at 3-, 6- and 12-months; P < 0.001 with LDL-C at 6- and 12-months; P < 0.001 and 0.01 with HDL-C at 6- and 12-months vs. baseline), declined BMI (P < 0.05 at 6- and 12-months vs. baseline) and BP (P < 0.001 with systolic BP (SBP), and mean BP at 6- and 12-months, P < 0.01 with diastolic BP at 6- and 12-months vs. baseline). CONCLUSIONS Saxagliptin could upregulate nesfatin-1 secretion and ameliorate insulin resistance and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saxagliptin had the potential to play fundamental by upregulating nesfatin-1 secretion besides lowering glucose by inhibiting the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1.
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Metabolic effects of initiating lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens among young children.
Patel, K, Lindsey, J, Angelidou, K, Aldrovandi, G, Palumbo, P, ,
AIDS (London, England). 2018;(16):2327-2336
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term metabolic effects of initiating a lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimen as a first-line therapy for HIV-infected children less than 3 years of age in resource-limited settings. DESIGN A prospective cohort study after conclusion of the P1060 randomized clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00307151), with an overall follow-up of 7 years. METHODS Longitudinal total cholesterol and triglyceride measures were compared between 222 and 227 children randomized to initiate LPV/r and nevirapine (NVP)-based regimens, respectively. Adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) and biomarkers of inflammation [C-reactive protein and interleukin (IL)-6], microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide) and immune activation (sCD14), measured in 117 participants at a median of 45 weeks of follow-up, were also compared by a randomized arm. RESULTS Mean total cholesterol and the percentage of participants with borderline or high total cholesterol was higher in the LPV/r arm from years 3 to 7 of follow-up than in the NVP arm (adjusted relative differences ranging from 10.9 to 23.4 mg/dl and adjusted relative risks ranging from a 60% increased risk to a more than four-fold increased risk for cholesterol ≥170 mg/dl at 7 years of follow-up). Initiation of a LPV/r-based regimen was not associated with high triglycerides over follow-up or large differences in markers of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, microbial translocation or immune activation. CONCLUSION Given the virologic superiority of LPV/r-based regimens in young children and open questions regarding the roll-out of dolutegravir in resource-limited settings, children are currently being maintained on LPV/r-based regimens. Our results suggest continual assessment of total cholesterol among young children initiating a LPV/r-based regimen to monitor cardiometabolic health.