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1.
Metabolic and nutritional complications of bariatric surgery : a review.
Mesureur, L, Arvanitakis, M
Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica. 2017;(4):515-525
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is considered as the only effective durable weight-loss therapy and may be curative for obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes. Nevertheless this surgery is not devoid of potential long-term complications such as dumping syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease and nutrient deficiencies. For this reason, preoperative nutritional assessment and rigorous postoperative follow-up with administration of multi-vitamins supplements and assessment of serum levels is recommended for each patient who is undergoing a bariatric surgery. The aim of this review is to identify and treat the metabolic and nutritional complications of bariatric surgery.
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2.
[The association of schizophrenia with chronic non transmissible diseases].
Orellana, G, Rodríguez, M, González, N, Durán, E
Revista medica de Chile. 2017;(8):1047-1053
Abstract
The life expectancy of patients with schizophrenia (SCH) is 11 to 20 years less than the general population. There is an association between SCH and various diseases and chronic conditions, highlighting the cardio-metabolic diseases. This association has been attributed to the use of antipsychotics, however, evidence has also shown intrinsic susceptibility of schizophrenic patients the development of chronic conditions. This review aims to update knowledge about chronic conditions such as cardiometabolic risk and sleep, bone and kidney disorders related to SCH. These patients have a high prevalence of risk behaviors, including smoking and poor diet. They have a worse metabolic profile than the general population and a greater likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. SCH has also been associated with other chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease. The high prevalence of these comorbidities in schizophrenic population is not explained solely by the antipsychotic treatment, therefore intrinsic mechanisms associated to SCH are postulated to be associated with these conditions. This new information requires a change in the multidisciplinary medical approach for the study and management of schizophrenic patients.
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3.
[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)and bone.].
Inoue, D
Clinical calcium. 2016;(10):1399-1406
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)is a sleep disorder characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep, causing frequent hypoxia and sleep disturbance. Known risk factors of OSAS include obesity, male sex and smoking. OSAS has been linked to various comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Recent evidence also indicates that OSAS is associated with vitamin D insufficiency, increased bone resorption and bone loss. Thus, although increased fracture rate has not been demonstrated, OSAS is now recognized as a risk factor of osteoporosis. This review will summarize the recent reports about bone metabolic abnormalities in OSAS.
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4.
Lifestyle-Related Metabolic Disorders, Osteoporosis, and Fracture Risk in Asia: A Systematic Review.
Sugimoto, T, Sato, M, Dehle, FC, Brnabic, AJ, Weston, A, Burge, R
Value in health regional issues. 2016;:49-56
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of both lifestyle-related metabolic disorders and osteoporosis is increasing in Asia. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the published literature to identify studies examining disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism (type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome [MetS], and atherosclerosis) as risk factors for osteoporosis and fracture in Asian populations. Studies examining the relationship between metabolic disorders and bone mineral density (BMD) were also included. METHODS EMBASE (including MEDLINE) and the Cochrane Library were searched. Studies conducted only within Asia, which reported multivariate analysis with a sample size of 200 or more subjects, were included. RESULTS A total of 32 studies were included. All six studies examining diabetes and fracture found that subjects with diabetes had a significantly higher risk of fracture than did subjects without diabetes (risk estimate range 1.26-4.73). Two studies found that subjects with atherosclerosis had a significantly higher risk of fracture (risk estimate range 1.10-2.52). Studies consistently reported that MetS is likely associated with osteoporosis or decreased BMD in men but not women. No consistent association was found for diabetes and BMD, with studies reporting contrasting results. There was limited evidence investigating lipid metabolism and hyperglycemia and risk of fracture or bone loss in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that diabetes is a risk factor for fracture in Asian populations. MetS may be associated with bone loss in Asian men and atherosclerosis associated with increased fractures; however, caution is needed interpreting these findings given limitations in study design.
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5.
[Osteoporosis and bone alterations in celiac disease in adults].
Hoffmanová, I, Anděl, M
Vnitrni lekarstvi. 2014;(7-8):601-6
Abstract
Both celiac disease and osteoporosis are common diseases which are considered an emerging problem in medicine. Celiac disease is a condition at high risk for secondary osteoporosis. Osteoporosis or osteopenia are typically present in untreated adult symptomatic celiac disease with an overt malabsorption syndrome, but is found in about 50 % in suboptimally treated celiac patients, subclinical patients and asymptomatic adult celiac patients, too. Etiology of pathologic bone alteration in celiac disease is multifactorial; however, two main mechanisms are involved: intestinal malabsorption and chronic inflammation. The evaluation of bone mineral metabolism (total calcium/albumin, 25-OH vitamin D3 and parathormone levels in serum) and bone mineral density (densitometry) is recommended in the clinical management of celiac patients. Many studies have demonstrated that bone mineral density values in adults show a good improvement in the first period after the institution of gluten-free diet, the improvement is then unsatisfactory and treatment with a mineral-active drug should probably be considered.
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6.
Calcidiol [25(OH)D3]: from diagnostic marker to therapeutical agent.
Brandi, ML, Minisola, S
Current medical research and opinion. 2013;(11):1565-72
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished bone strength, which results in an increased risk of fracture. Currently, osteoporosis is a public health priority due to the large number of individuals affected and the detrimental effect on quality of life. Primary osteoporosis, the most common form, usually results from age-related reduction in bone mineral strength. Over time, the individual's capacity to build bone is impaired, as the synthesis of vitamin D, the hormone responsible for calcium absorption, tends to decline. As serum calcium levels decrease, metabolic control serves to increase the removal of calcium from the skeleton to make up for the deficit. The synthesis of the 'hormone' vitamin D and its control therefore become central to intervention in involutional osteoporosis syndromes. In humans, plain vitamin D (cholecalciferol), also called parental or native vitamin D, is photosynthesized in the skin and then hydroxylated in the liver into the vitamin D analog calcidiol [25(OH)D3], which is hydroxylated again in the kidney into the vitamin D analog calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3]. The advantage of administering vitamin D analogs is that the pro-drug calcidiol avoids the effect of declines in hepatic function, while calcitriol avoids the effect of declines in hepatic and kidney function. A strategy to enhance [25(OH)D3] levels to the optimal threshold of vitamin D is supplementation with the calcidiol metabolite itself. The goal of this paper is to review published studies on the efficacy of the calcidiol metabolite in increasing 25(OH)D3 serum levels and improving skeletal health parameters in humans. METHODS A library search of published papers in the area of use of calcidiol in humans from 1967 to 2013 was performed (key words: calcidiol, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D metabolism, osteomalacia). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results of the survey made it possible to conclude that calcidiol is characterized by a number of features that make the compound ideal in conditions that require supplementation with a 25-hydroxylated metabolite.
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7.
[Exercise for prevention of osteoporosis and other lifestyle-related diseases].
Suzuki, T
Clinical calcium. 2011;(5):722-9
Abstract
The prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases including hypertension, dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia) and diabetes increases with aging, and all these conditions are risk factors of arteriosclerotic diseases such as cerebrovascular event (stroke) and myocardial infarction. The term "metabolic domino" has been used to describe the collective concept of the development and progression of these lifestyle-related diseases, the sequence of events, and the progression process of complications. Like the first tile of a domino toppling game, undesirable lifestyle such as overeating and underexercising first triggers obesity, and is followed in succession by onset of an insulin resistance state (underlied by a genetic background indigenous to Japanese) , hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and further postprandial hyperglycemia (the pre-diabetic state) , the so-called metabolic syndrome, at around the same time. On the other hand, apart from the other lifestyle-related diseases, the prevalence of osteoporosis also increases rapidly accompanying aging. Osteoporosis is known to be strongly related to disorders due to the metabolic domino such as arteriosclerosis and vascular calcification, and a new disease category called "osteo-vascular interaction" has attracted attention recently. Regarding "osteo-vascular interaction" , a close relation between bone density loss or osteoporotic changes and vascular lesion-associated lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes has been reported. Therefore, as a common preventive factor for bone mass loss or osteoporosis and lifestyle-related diseases including hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes (osteo-vascular interaction) , exercise has been recognized anew as an important non-pharmaceutical therapy that should take top priority. This article overviews the evidence of exercise therapy for the prevention of osteoporosis and other lifestyle-related diseases, from the viewpoint of health promotion, especially of the skeletal system (motor system) .
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8.
[Bone metabolism in dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome].
Yamaguchi, T
Clinical calcium. 2011;(5):677-82
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and osteoporosis are etiologically related to each other. Experiments show that oxidized LDL suppresses the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to osteoblasts, while it promotes that to adipocytes, which may result in fatty marrow and bone mass reduction. Inactivation of LRP5÷6 is linked to hypercholesterolemia as well as bone mass reduction, indicating the involvement of Wnt signaling in both disorders. A few clinical studies suggest that high serum triglyceride levels may lower the risk of vertebral fractures. Metabolic syndrome, especially visceral fat accumulation, may have a beneficial effect on bone possibly through mechanical stress from gravity, as long as patients are devoid of advanced type 2 diabetes and are less affected by hyperglycemia or oxidative stress.
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9.
[Systemic bone diseases; clues for the pathogenetic mechanism of osteoporosis].
Tanaka, H
Clinical calcium. 2005;(5):776-82
Abstract
Single gene diseases may give us lots of clues to clarify the physiological roles of specific genes in human body. In the case of bone, extensive analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of systemic bone diseases may provide new important information on the factors in bone metabolism. In this manuscript, pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, homocystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance and Menkes disease will be reviewed in relation to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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10.
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on lipids and glycemic control in type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and on inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, renal disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and osteoporosis.
MacLean, CH, Mojica, WA, Morton, SC, Pencharz, J, Hasenfeld Garland, R, Tu, W, Newberry, SJ, Jungvig, LK, Grossman, J, Khanna, P, et al
Evidence report/technology assessment (Summary). 2004;(89):1-4