1.
Adherence to Dietary Recommendations after One Year of Intervention in Breast Cancer Women: The DIANA-5 Trial.
Bruno, E, Krogh, V, Gargano, G, Grioni, S, Bellegotti, M, Venturelli, E, Panico, S, Santucci de Magistris, M, Bonanni, B, Zagallo, E, et al
Nutrients. 2021;(9)
Abstract
The Diet and Androgen-5 (DIANA-5) trial aimed at testing whether a dietary change based on the Mediterranean diet and on macrobiotic principles can reduce the incidence of breast cancer (BC)-related events. We analyzed the adherence to the DIANA-5 dietary recommendations by randomization group after 1 year of intervention. We evaluated the association between dietary adherence and changes in body weight and metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters. BC women aged 35-70 years were eligible. After the baseline examinations, women were randomized into an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). A total of 1344 BC women (689 IG and 655 CG) concluded the first year of dietary intervention. IG showed greater anthropometric and metabolic improvements compared to CG. These changes were significantly associated with increased adherence to the dietary recommendations. Women who increased recommended foods consumption or reduced discouraged foods consumption showed an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.37 (0.70-2.67) and 2.02 (1.03-3.98) to improve three or more MS parameters. Moreover, women in the higher category of dietary change showed a four times higher OR of reducing body weight compared to the lower category (p < 0.001). The DIANA-5 dietary intervention is effective in reducing body weight and MS parameters.
2.
Adherence to a priori dietary indexes and baseline prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus randomised trial.
Alvarez-Alvarez, I, Toledo, E, Lecea, O, Salas-Salvadó, J, Corella, D, Buil-Cosiales, P, Zomeño, MD, Vioque, J, Martinez, JA, Konieczna, J, et al
European journal of nutrition. 2020;(3):1219-1232
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease remains the global leading cause of death. We evaluated at baseline the association between the adherence to eight a priori high-quality dietary scores and the prevalence of individual and clustered cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort. METHODS All PREDIMED-Plus participants (6874 men and women aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) were assessed. The prevalence of 4 CVRF (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia), using standard diagnoses criteria, were considered as outcomes. The adherence to eight a priori-defined dietary indexes was calculated. Multivariable models were fitted to estimate differences in mean values of factors and prevalence ratios for individual and clustered CVRF. RESULTS Highest conformity to any dietary pattern did not show inverse associations with hypertension. The modified Mediterranean Diet Score (PR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS) (PR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.98), the pro-vegetarian dietary pattern (PR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99) and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (PR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.87-0.96) were inversely associated with prevalence of obesity. We identified significant inverse trend among participants who better adhered to the MEDAS and the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) in the mean number of CVRF across categories of adherence. Better adherence to several high-quality dietary indexes was associated with better blood lipid profiles and anthropometric measures. CONCLUSIONS Highest adherence to dietary quality indexes, especially Mediterranean-style and PDQS scores, showed marginal associations with lower prevalence of individual and clustered CVRF among elderly adults with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
3.
Influence of short-term follow-up on cardiovascular risk status among high-risk hypertensive patients in Turkey: an observational study.
Kozan, Ö, ,
Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir. 2016;(2):137-47
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate clinical practice of cardiovascular (CV) risk management and the influence of follow-up on risk profile among hypertensive patients. METHODS Of the 1023 patients enrolled in the cross-sectional phase, data from 397 high-risk patients (mean [SD] age, 59.2 [11.5] years; 62.5% female) who had attended at least 1 follow-up visit within 9 months of (longitudinal phase) enrollment were included in the present non-interventional study of CV risk factors, 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk estimate, risk level, and risk management. RESULTS Ten-year CHD risk (p<0.001), and percentages of patients with high risk (20.7 vs 13.4%) and very high risk (19.6 vs 6.6%) significantly decreased upon follow-up (p<0.001). Significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p<0.001 for each), and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p=0.007) were associated with a positive shift in risk grouping (42.8%). The shift toward lower-risk grouping was more prominent in patients with diabetes (5.5% vs 41.1%) and metabolic syndrome (19.2% vs 34.2%; p<0.001 for each). Achievement of target BP significantly improved upon follow-up, particularly in lower-risk groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Results indicate better CV risk management in hypertensive patients, with a pronounced decrease in 10-year CV risk estimate and a switch to lower-risk grouping, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, associated with close follow-up.