1.
Fetal programming of the metabolic syndrome.
Marciniak, A, Patro-Małysza, J, Kimber-Trojnar, Ż, Marciniak, B, Oleszczuk, J, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, B
Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology. 2017;(2):133-138
Abstract
Prenatal development is currently recognized as a critical period in the etiology of human diseases. This is particularly so when an unfavorable environment interacts with a genetic predisposition. The fetal programming concept suggests that maternal nutritional imbalance and metabolic disturbances may have a persistent and intergenerational effect on the health of offspring and on the risk of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
2.
[Effects of tobacco smoke on fetus and children].
Noda, T
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine. 2013;(3):454-8
Abstract
What is caused on fetus and children by parental smoking? Parental smoking, especially maternal smoking cause oral cleft which makes baby difficult to suck milk. It causes not only respiratory illness such as asthma bronchialis but also fire accident or burn by child abuse. These things decrease quality of life of children. Low birth weight caused by parental smoking is the major risk factor of lifestyle-related diseases, according to DOHaD hypothesis. Moreover, parental smoking drive children active smokers. If children start to smoke, they will get bad lifestyle led to metabolic syndrome. So it is important not to make children start the first smoking.