-
1.
Effect of lifestyle modifications on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abdolahian, S, Tehrani, FR, Amiri, M, Ghodsi, D, Yarandi, RB, Jafari, M, Majd, HA, Nahidi, F
BMC endocrine disorders. 2020;(1):71
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. This study aimed to compare the effects of lifestyle interventions on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in adolescent girls with PCOS. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was systematically searched to retrieve studies investigating the effects of lifestyle modifications in adolescent girls with PCOS, which were published up to December 2019. The primary outcome was Body Mass Index (BMI) and secondary outcomes were all manifestations of PCOS, including clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters. Random effect meta-analysis was applied for significant results. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test. RESULTS This study showed significant improvements in luteinizing hormone (LH) (Pooled SMD = - 0.1.23; 95% CI, - 2.44 to - 0.03), and Free Androgen Index (FAI) levels (Pooled SMD = - 0.78 95% CI, - 0.1.42 to - 0.13) in adolescent girls receiving lifestyle intervention compared to baseline. This study also revealed that diet modifications alone were associated with a significant decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) (Pooled SMD = - 0.45; 95% CI, - 0.76 to - 0.13), and FG score (Pooled SMD = - 0.81; 95% CI, - 1.33 to - 0.28). Exercise interventions were associated with significant changes in the menstrual cycles (Pooled SMD = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.61), Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) score (Pooled SMD = - 0.57; 95% CI, - 0.99 to - 0.15), LH (Pooled SMD = - 056; 95% CI, - 0.98 to - 0.14), Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) (Pooled SMD = - 0.81; 95% CI, - 0.1.24 to - 0.38), and Triglyceride (TG) levels (Pooled SMD = - 0.32; 95% CI, - 0.62 to - 0.02). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis concluded lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, can improve some clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in adolescent girls with PCOS.
-
2.
Glutamine supported early enteral therapy for severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jiang, X, Pei, LY, Guo, WX, Qi, X, Lu, XG
Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. 2020;(2):253-261
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Several studies have shown that glutamine (Gln) may play an important role in energy metabolism, inflammatory reactions, and immune processes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Nevertheless, the results of individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Gln nutrition support for SAP are contradictory. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the clinical benefit of Gln-supported early enteral nutrition (G+EEN) in patients with SAP. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wan Fang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for relevant studies published before December 2018. RCTs of G+EEN versus standard early enteral nutrition (EEN) for SAP were selected, with both started within 48 h of admission. RESULTS Seven clinical RCTs including a total of 433 patients (EEN group: 218 patients; G+EEN group: 215 patients) were included. Compared with EEN, G+EEN increased serum albumin (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-1.15; p<0.01), reduced serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (SMD=-1.62; 95% CI, -1.98 to -1.26; p<0.01) and risks of mortality risk (risk ratio= 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.90; p=0.03) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)(risk ratio=0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.94; p<0.01), and shortened length of hospital stay (SMD=-1.19; 95% CI, -1.88 to 0.49; p<0.01); moreover, it did not significantly increase the incidence of infection-related complications, operative interventions, or APACHE II scores. CONCLUSIONS G+EEN is beneficial in SAP management.
-
3.
Burden of diabetes mellitus and its impact on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis of real-world evidence.
Hussain, S, Baxi, H, Chand Jamali, M, Nisar, N, Hussain, MS
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2020;(6):1595-1602
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly and within no time, it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Evidence suggests diabetes to be a risk factor for the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to understand the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients infected with COVID-19. We also aimed to compute the risk of mortality and ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed to identify the articles reporting the diabetes prevalence and risk of mortality or ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. The primary outcome was to compute the pooled prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 patients. Secondary outcomes included risk of mortality and ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. RESULTS This meta-analysis was based on a total of 23007 patients from 43 studies. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients infected with COVID-19 was found to be 15% (95% CI: 12%-18%), p = <0.0001. Mortality risk was found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with diabetes as compared to COVID-19 patients without diabetes with a pooled risk ratio of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.16-2.25%), p = 0.005. Likewise, risk of ICU admission rate was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with diabetes as compared to COVID-19 patients without diabetes with a pooled risk ratio of 1.88 (1.20%-2.93%), p = 0.006. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis found a high prevalence of diabetes and higher mortality and ICU admission risk in COVID-19 patients with diabetes.
-
4.
Effect of DASH diet on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Pirouzeh, R, Heidarzadeh-Esfahani, N, Morvaridzadeh, M, Izadi, A, Yosaee, S, Potter, E, Heshmati, J, Pizarro, AB, Omidi, A, Heshmati, S
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2020;(6):2131-2138
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) contain many antioxidants and may contribute to managing OS. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impacts of the DASH diet on OS parameters. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed through September 2020 to find related studies evaluating the impact of the DASH diet on OS parameters. Standardized mean differences were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight studies with a total of 317 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Four studies included in meta-analysis model with 200 participants (100 in treatment and 100 in control group). The DASH diet was associated with a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.16; I2 = 42.1%), and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.03; I2 = 42.1%). Meta-analysis found no statistically significant effect of DASH diet on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: -1.40; 95% CI: -0.12, 1.93; I2 = 92.6%) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (SMD: 0.95; 95% CI: -0.10, 1.99; I2 = 87.6%). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that a DASH diet could significantly increase GSH and decrease MDA levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to improve TAC, NO, and f2-isoprostanes by the adherence to the DASH diet. However, long-term, large sample size and well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to draw concrete conclusions about DASH diet's effects on OS parameters.
-
5.
Effect of the herbal medicines in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Payab, M, Hasani-Ranjbar, S, Shahbal, N, Qorbani, M, Aletaha, A, Haghi-Aminjan, H, Soltani, A, Khatami, F, Nikfar, S, Hassani, S, et al
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2020;(3):526-545
Abstract
Obesity is a medical situation in which excess body fat has gathered because of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In spite of the fact that the variety of studies are available for obesity treatment and management, its "globesity" still remains a big challenge all over the world. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of effective herbal medicines in the management and treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome in human. We systematically searched all relevant clinical trials via Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane database to assess the effects of raw or refined products derived from plants or parts of plants on obesity and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obesity adult subjects. All studies conducted by the end of May 2019 were considered in the systematic review. Data were extracted independently by two experts. The quality assessment was assessed using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist. The main outcomes were anthropometric indices and metabolic syndrome components. Pooled effect of herbal medicines on obesity and metabolic syndrome were presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 279 relevant clinical trials were included. Herbals containing green tea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Garcinia cambogia, Nigella sativa, puerh tea, Irvingia gabonensis, and Caralluma fimbriata and their active ingredients were found to be effective in the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, C. fimbriata, flaxseed, spinach, and fenugreek were able to reduce appetite. Meta-analysis showed that intake of green tea resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.75 [-1.18, -0.319]), body mass index ([SMD]: -1.2 [-1.82, -0.57]), waist circumference ([SMD]: -1.71 [-2.66, -0.77]), hip circumference ([SMD]: -0.42 [-1.02, -0.19]), and total cholesterol, ([SMD]: -0.43 [-0.77, -0.09]). In addition, the intake of P. vulgaris and N. sativa resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.88, 95 % CI: [-1.13, -0.63]) and triglyceride ([SMD]: -1.67, 95 % CI: [-2.54, -0.79]), respectively. High quality trials are still needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plants in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
-
6.
Foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Hidayat, K, Du, X, Shi, BM, Qin, LQ
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2020;(5):e12981
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to provide a deeper understanding of the associations between foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, obesity, overweight, coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. Both foetal and childhood exposure to famine were positively associated with the risks of T2DM (foetal exposure: RR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.23-1.52; childhood exposure: RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08-1.64), metabolic syndrome (RR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.07-1.50; RR 1.24, 95% CI, 1.13-1.35), hypertension (RR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.07-1.57; RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.02-1.74), hyperglycaemia (RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.11-1.45; RR 1.25, 95% CI, 1.10-1.42), dyslipidaemia (RR 1.48, 95% CI, 1.33-1.66; RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12-1.45), obesity (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.02-1.39; RR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.00-1.28), overweight (RR 1.17, 95% CI, 1.07-1.29; RR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.00-1.14), coronary heart disease (RR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.00-1.51; RR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.09-1.35), and moderate-to-severe NAFLD (RR 1.66, 95% CI, 1.07-2.57; RR 1.68, 95% CI, 1.41-1.99) in adulthood. No association was observed for the risks of stroke or mild NAFLD. Adjustments for age, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity nullified some associations. The associations were generally stronger in women than in men. In summary, foetal and childhood exposure to famine may confer greater risks of developing certain cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood, particularly in women. The extent to which risks for cardiometabolic conditions are associated with early-life famine appears to be determined by certain factors in adulthood.
-
7.
Duration of Lactation and Maternal Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Tørris, C, Bjørnnes, AK
Nutrients. 2020;(9)
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death of women across all ages, and targeting modifiable risk factors, such as those comprised in metabolic syndrome (MetS) (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose), is of great importance. An inverse association between lactation and CVD has been suggested, and lactation may decrease the risk of MetS. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined how lactation may affect the development and prevalence of MetS in women. A literature search was performed using Cinahl, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. A total of 1286 citations were identified, and finally, ten studies (two prospective and eight cross-sectional) were included. Seven studies (two prospective and five cross-sectional) revealed associations between lactation and MetS, suggesting that breastfeeding might prevent or improve metabolic health and have a protective role in MetS prevention. This protective role might be related to the duration of lactation; however, a lack of controlling for potential confounders, such as parity, might inflict the results. The pooled effect was non-conclusive. Additional research is required to further explore the duration of lactation and its potential role in improving or reversing MetS and its components.
-
8.
Effects of flaxseed oil supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Tamtaji, OR, Milajerdi, A, Reiner, Ž, Dadgostar, E, Amirani, E, Asemi, Z, Mirsafaei, L, Mansournia, MA, Dana, PM, Sadoughi, F, et al
Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2020;:27-33
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to analyze the effects of flaxseed oil supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central library were searched until January 31th, 2019. RESULTS 14 effect sizes from 12 studies were identified eligible to be included in current meta-analysis. Flaxseed supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD: -0.22; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.03) and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (WMD: 137.25; 95% CI: 68.04, 206.47). Flaxseed oil supplementation did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated flaxseed oil supplementation decreased IL-6 and MDA levels, and increased TAC, but did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with MetS and related disorders. This suggests that flaxseed oil supplementation may have played an indirect role in improved clinical symptoms in diseases with metabolic disorders.
-
9.
L-Carnitine's Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Choi, M, Park, S, Lee, M
Nutrients. 2020;(9)
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to assess L-carnitine supplements' influence on the biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and CINAHL were used to collect RCT studies published prior to February 2020. RCT studies were included if they had at least one of the following biomarker outcome measurements: waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), or high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc). Nine of twenty studies with adequate methodological quality were included in this meta-analysis. The dose of L-carnitine supplementation administered varied between 0.75 and 3 g/day for durations of 8-24 weeks. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced WC and systolic BP (SBP), with no significant effects on FBS, TG, and HDLc. We found that L-carnitine supplementation at a dose of more than 1 g/d significantly reduced FBS and TG and increased HDLc. In conclusion, L-carnitine supplementation is correlated with a significant reduction of WC and BP. A dose of 1-3 g/d could improve the biomarkers of MetSyn by reducing FBS and TG and increasing HDLc.
-
10.
Common genetic variation in obesity, lipid transfer genes and risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from IDEFICS/I.Family study and meta-analysis.
Nagrani, R, Foraita, R, Gianfagna, F, Iacoviello, L, Marild, S, Michels, N, Molnár, D, Moreno, L, Russo, P, Veidebaum, T, et al
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):7189
Abstract
As the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and young adults is increasing, a better understanding of genetics that underlie MetS will provide critical insights into the origin of the disease. We examined associations of common genetic variants and repeated MetS score from early childhood to adolescence in a pan-European, prospective IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study with baseline survey and follow-up examinations after two and six years. We tested associations in 3067 children using a linear mixed model and confirmed the results with meta-analysis of identified SNPs. With a stringent Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons we obtained significant associations(p < 1.4 × 10-4) for 5 SNPs, which were in high LD (r2 > 0.85) in the 16q12.2 non-coding intronic chromosomal region of FTO gene with strongest association observed for rs8050136 (effect size(β) = 0.31, pWald = 1.52 × 10-5). We also observed a strong association of rs708272 in CETP with increased HDL (p = 5.63 × 10-40) and decreased TRG (p = 9.60 × 10-5) levels. These findings along with meta-analysis advance etiologic understanding of childhood MetS, highlighting that genetic predisposition to MetS is largely driven by genes of obesity and lipid metabolism. Inclusion of the associated genetic variants in polygenic scores for MetS may prove to be fundamental for identifying children and subsequently adults of the high-risk group to allow earlier targeted interventions.