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Recommendations and management of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: elisabetta.torlone@ospedale.perugia.it. Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy; Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy. Diabetes Unit, Interdisciplinary Diabetes and Pregnancy Center, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. UOC Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, Livorno, Italy. Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy. Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, ex CeSIMet), G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy. Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Dietetics Unit, Padua University, Padua, Italy. Associazione Medici Diabetologi AMD, Italy. A.O.S.Andrea, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Roma, Italy. Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy; Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. Department of Medicine and Aging, University ''G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy. Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2020;:108345
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Abstract

Many specialists use the remote management of people with chronic disease as diabetes, but structured management protocols have not been developed yet. The COVID-19 pandemic has given a big boost to the use of telemedicine, as it allows to maintain the physical distance, essential to the containment of contagion having regular health contact. Encouraging results related to the use of telemedicine in women with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, have been recently published. It is well known that hyperglycaemia alters the immune response to infections, that inflammation, in turn, worsens glycaemic control and that any form of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) has effects not only on the mother but also on development of the foetus. Therefore, the Italian Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, together with a group of experts, developed these recommendations in order to guide physicians in the management of HIP, providing specific diagnostic, therapeutic and assistance pathways (PDTAs) for the COVID-19 emergency. Three detailed PDTAs were developed, for type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes.