COPD Center, Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. COPD Center, Dept of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Department of Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43153, Gothenburg, Sweden. Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden. Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden. Department of Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43153, Gothenburg, Sweden. Melker.Goransson@AstraZeneca.com.