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Cardiovascular Effects of Chocolate and Wine-Narrative Review.
Sperkowska, B, Murawska, J, Przybylska, A, Gackowski, M, Kruszewski, S, Durmowicz, M, Rutkowska, D
Nutrients. 2021;(12)
Abstract
The consumption of food for pleasure is mainly associated with adverse health effects. This review was carried out to verify recent reports on the impact of chocolate and wine consumption on cardiovascular health, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis. On one side, these products have proven adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, but on the other hand, if consumed in optimal amounts, they have cardiovascular benefits. The submitted data suggest that the beneficial doses are 30-50 g and 130/250 mL for chocolate and wine, respectively, for women and men. The accumulated evidence indicates that the active ingredients in the products under consideration in this review are phenolic compounds, characterized by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet properties. However, there are also some reports of cardioprotective properties of other compounds such as esters, amines, biogenic amines, amino acids, fatty acids, mineral ingredients, and vitamins. Our narrative review has shown that in meta-analyses of intervention studies, consumption of chocolate and wine was positively associated with the beneficial outcomes associated with the cardiovascular system. In contrast, the assessment with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) scale did not confirm this phenomenon. In addition, mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds present in chocolate and wine depend on some factors, such as age, sex, body weight, and the presence of additional medical conditions. Patients using cardiovascular drugs simultaneously with both products should be alert to the risk of pharmacologically relevant interactions during their use. Our narrative review leads to the conclusion that there is abundant evidence to prove the beneficial impact of consuming both products on cardiovascular health, however some evidence still remains controversial. Many authors of studies included in this review postulated that well-designed, longitudinal studies should be performed to determine the effects of these products and their components on atherosclerosis and other CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) disease.
2.
Effects of wine on blood pressure, glucose parameters, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized interventional trials (PRISMA Compliant).
Ye, J, Chen, X, Bao, L
Medicine. 2019;(23):e15771
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies identified conflicting results about the effects of wine intake on glucose parameters and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study further investigated the association between wine digestion and these outcomes in T2DM patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases (up to November 2018) was performed for randomized interventional trials which evaluated the effect of wine on blood pressure (BP), glucose parameters and lipid profiles in T2DM people. We used a variety of tests: fixed and random effects models, Q Cochrane test and I index, Egger and Begg tests, forest plots, and sensitivity analysis in our study. RESULTS A total of 9 randomized interventional studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, significant association between wine intake with diastolic BP (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.10; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -0.01 to 0.20, P = .03 I = 13%) and total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.02-0.31, P = .03, I = 6%), whereas no noticeable differences in glucose parameters, systolic BP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were identified between wine and controls groups (fasting glucose [FG],WMD = -0.00, 95% CI: -0.58 to 0.58; fasting insulin [FI], -0.22, -2.09 to 1.65; HbAc1%, -0.16, -0.40 to 0.07; systolic blood pressure, 0.12, -0.05 to 0.28; LDLC, -0.02, -0.25 to 0.21; TG, -0.34, -1.31 to 0.64; HDLC, 0.22, -0.08 to 0.53]. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that moderate wine consumption among T2DM patients could reduce the level of diastolic blood pressure and TC, but not glucose parameters and other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Wine consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Xu, W, Fan, H, Han, Z, Liu, Y, Wang, Y, Ge, Z
European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). 2019;(3):151-158
Abstract
There were inconsistent results with respect to the correlation between consumption of wine and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We carried out a meta-analysis to investigate this issue. We included observational studies on the aforementioned relationship according to a literature search of Embase and Pubmed from inception till 28 February 2017. The summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of eight case-control and nine cohort studies were identified, involving 12 110 CRC cases. The study showed that wine drinking was not associated with any greater risk for CRC (SRR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.89-1.10; Pheterogeneity<0.001) compared with nondrinkers. The subgroup analyses indicated that null associations were observed in men and women for colon and rectal cancer. Neither light to moderate (<2 drinks/day; SRR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.80-1.08, I= 69.2%) nor heavy (≥2 drinks/day; SRR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.86-1.16, I= 39.9%) consumption of wine was associated statistically with CRC risk. This meta-analysis suggests that any wine consumption was not associated with the risk of CRC. Null associations were shown in men and women for colon and rectal cancer.