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Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Li, X, Hu, S, Yin, J, Peng, X, King, L, Li, L, Xu, Z, Zhou, L, Peng, Z, Ze, X, et al
Gut microbes. 2023;15(2):2247025
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The gut microbiota is involved in regulating immunity and synbiotics, that is combinations of pro- and prebiotics, may therefore modulate immunity via the gut microbiota. The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate the immune-modulatory effects of a synbiotic supplement (containing Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and fructo-oligosaccharide) in healthy adults. Outcome measures included C-reactive protein (CRP, an inflammatory marker), various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, stool and salivary secretory IgA (sIgA), leukocytes, microbial stool analysis and occurrence, duration, and severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Compared to the control group, a significant reduction in the inflammatory markers CRP and interferon-gamma and an increase in the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and stool sIgA were observed in the supplementation group. There were no differences in types of leukocytes or URTIs between groups. Significant favourable changes in microbiome analysis were observed in the supplemented group which correlated with the observed improvements in inflammatory markers. These changes were dependent on the baseline composition of the microbiome. No adverse events were reported. The authors conclude that the data show that synbiotics are of benefit to healthy adults and support the concept of personalised supplementation.
Abstract
Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (containing Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 1.5 × 108 CFU/d, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 7.5 × 107 CFU/d, and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters and gut microbiota composition were measured at baseline, mid, and end of the study. Compared to the placebo group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions in plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.088) and interferon-gamma (P = 0.008), along with larger increases in plasma interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.008) and stool secretory IgA (sIgA) (P = 0.014). Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Collinsella) and several functional pathways related to amino acids and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory Parabacteroides compared to baseline. Importantly, alternations in anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and sIgA) were significantly correlated with microbial variations triggered by synbiotic supplementation. Stratification of participants into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio revealed a more favorable effect of synbiotic supplements in individuals with a higher P/B ratio. In conclusion, this study suggested the beneficial effects of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters, which were correlated with synbiotics-induced microbial changes and modified by microbial enterotypes. These findings provided direct evidence supporting the personalized supplementation of synbiotics for immunomodulation.
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Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115 on Immunomodulatory and Gut Microbial Composition in Young Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.
Li, P, Ren, Z, Zhou, J, Zhao, A, Wang, S, Xun, Y, Jiang, H, Wang, P, Yuan, Q, Zhang, Y
Nutrients. 2023;15(8)
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Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most common obstetrical procedures, and China is among the countries with the highest C-section rates in the world. Lactobacillus is one of the well-known and most studied probiotics and has a broad distribution in the human oral cavity, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lp N1115 as a probiotic on immunomodulatory and gut microbial composition in Chinese infants and toddlers born by C-section. This study was a single-centre, randomised, triple-blind placebo-controlled trial. Healthy infants born by C-section were recruited at the age of 6–24 months and divided into two age groups: 6–12 months and 13–24 months. Infants and toddlers were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (Lp N1115 group) or the placebo-control group. Results showed that Lp N1115 can help maintain the intestinal pH of infants aged 6–24 months after C-section, improve immune function, and promote the proliferation of Lactobacillus. Furthermore, Lp N1115 could increase faecal secreted immunoglobulin A levels and, to some extent, reduce cortisol levels in infants and children. Authors conclude that the beneficial effects of Lp N1115 on gut development were more obvious in 6–12-month-old infants.
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (Lp N1115) was isolated from fermented milk products. The administration of Lp N1115 is safe and well tolerated in Chinese children, but its effectiveness among young Chinese children is still unclear. To investigate the efficacy of Lp N1115 as a probiotic to enhance gut development in Chinese infants and toddlers born by cesarean section, 109 healthy and cesarean-delivered infants aged 6-24 months were recruited for a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial, with 101 finally completing the study. Saliva and stool samples were collected and detected at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 of the intervention. Statistical analyses were performed by using a per-protocol (PP) approach. After 12 weeks of intervention, the fecal pH in the control group increased (p = 0.003), while the fecal pH in the experimental group did not change. Salivary cortisol decreased from baseline in the experimental group (p = 0.023), while the control group showed little change. In addition, Lp N1115 increased the fecal sIgA content of infants aged 6-12 months (p = 0.044) but had no obvious effect on fecal calprotectin and saliva sIgA. At week 4, the increase in Lactobacillus relative to baseline was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p = 0.019). Further analysis showed a trend toward a higher detection rate of Lactobacillus in the experimental group than in the control group (p = 0.039). In conclusion, Lp N1115 was able to enhance the content of Lactobacillus and maintain fecal pH levels. Its beneficial effects on gut development were more obvious in 6-12-month-old infants.
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Randomized Clinical Trial: Probiotics Alleviated Oral-Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal-Related Complications in Thyroid Cancer Patients Before Radioiodine Therapy Following Thyroidectomy.
Lin, B, Zhao, F, Liu, Y, Wu, X, Feng, J, Jin, X, Yan, W, Guo, X, Shi, S, Li, Z, et al
Frontiers in endocrinology. 2022;13:834674
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The occurrence of thyroid cancer has increased in recent years. Part of the treatment for this disease is removal of the thyroid gland and then the administration of radioactive iodine. To help aid the uptake of radioactive iodine, individuals may need to withdraw from their thyroid hormone therapy, known as thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW). This is however accompanied by side effects such as fatigue, constipation, and weight gain, all of which have been hypothesised to be due to gut microbiota dysbiosis. This randomised control trial aimed to determine any gut and oral microbiota signatures in 50 individuals who have undergone THW because of thyroid cancer and to see if probiotics have any beneficial effects. The results showed that gut and oral microbiota diversity was decreased after THW. Upon the administration of probiotics, diversity was restored, energy and blood lipid levels were improved, and weight gain and a dry mouth were alleviated. It was concluded that probiotics reduce the occurrence of side effects following THW, which may be related to the modification of oral and gut microbiota diversity. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to understand that probiotics may be of benefit to improve the side effects associated with THW in individuals with thyroid cancer.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in postoperative thyroid cancer patients who need always accompanied by complications (e.g., dyslipidemia and constipation). At present, there are no effective and safe means to alleviate these complications. PURPOSE We aimed to assess the oral-gut microbiota profiles in THW patients then investigate whether probiotics could alleviating alleviate THW related complications and investigate whether these therapeutic effects were associated with the oral-gut microbiota state. METHODS Fifty eligible thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to receive probiotics or placebo during THW. Complications were assessed through validated questionnaires and plasma lipid indicators. The complex probiotics preparation was composed of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus. RESULTS Probiotics alleviated lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dry mouth and decreased the levels of fecal/serum LPS and plasma lipid indicators (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A) (P < 0.05). Gut and oral microbial diversity were significantly decreased after THW, while an increased microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was observed. Probiotics distinctly restored the gut and oral microbial diversity. Increased Holdemanella, Enterococcus, and Coprococcus_2, while decreased Fusobacterium, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, Ruminococcus_1, and Parasutterella in the gut were found after probiotics intervention. Lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dyslipidemia were seen to be related to the above microbiota. In addition, probiotics reduced oral Prevotella_9, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, and Lautropia, which were positively correlated with the occurrence of dry mouth. CONCLUSION Probiotics reduce the incidence of complications in patients after THW, which may be related to modifying the oral and gut microbiota. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier America Clinical Trial Registry NCT03574051.
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Daily Intake of Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Lcs) Modulates Systemic and Upper Airways Immune/Inflammatory Responses in Marathon Runners.
Vaisberg, M, Paixão, V, Almeida, EB, Santos, JMB, Foster, R, Rossi, M, Pithon-Curi, TC, Gorjão, R, Momesso, CM, Andrade, MS, et al
Nutrients. 2019;11(7)
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Athletes undergoing high-intensity efforts show increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), both in the context of competitions and during strenuous training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the daily intake of fermented milk (containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota) on the systemic and upper airway immune/inflammatory responses before and after a race in marathon runners who previously reported upper respiratory symptoms (URS) after an exhaustive physical exercise session. The study is a double-blind randomised clinical study which recruited 42 male amateur marathon runners with an average age of 39 years. The participants were randomly separated into two groups: Lactobacillus casei Shirota group (n=20) or the placebo group (n=22). Results indicate that daily ingestion of fermented milk (containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota) was able to control both immunological and inflammatory responses in the blood and also in the upper airways mucosal of amateurs´ runners after a marathon. Authors conclude that Lactobacillus casei Shirota is able to modulate the systemic and airways immune responses post-marathon, presenting protective effects.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) can benefit the immune status, the effects of LcS in the immune/inflammatory responses of marathon runners has never been evaluated. Therefore, here we evaluated the effect of daily ingestion of fermented milk containing or not LcS in the systemic and upper airway immune/inflammatory responses before and after a marathon. METHODS Forty-two male marathon runners ingested a fermented milk containing 40 billion of LcS/day (LcS group, n = 20) or placebo (unfermented milk, n = 22) during 30 days pre-marathon. Immune/inflammatory parameters in nasal mucosa and serum, as well as concentrations of secretory IgA (SIgA) and antimicrobial peptides in saliva, were evaluated before and after fermented milk ingestion, immediately, 72 h, and 14 d post-marathon. RESULTS Higher proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum and nasal mucosa, and also lower salivary levels of SIgA and antimicrobial peptides, were found immediately post-marathon in the placebo group compared to other time points and to LcS group. In opposite, higher anti-inflammatory levels and reduced neutrophil infiltration on nasal mucosa were found in the LcS group compared to other time points and to the placebo group. CONCLUSION For the first time, it is shown that LcS is able to modulate the systemic and airways immune responses post-marathon.