1.
Inhalational Alzheimer's disease: an unrecognized - and treatable - epidemic.
Bredesen, DE
Aging. 2016;8(2):304-13
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the third leading cause of death in the USA, with around 5.2 million Americans diagnosed with AD. Effective treatment with medications has yet to be found. A recent multiple therapy programme (originally known as MEND, now called ReCODE) proposed by Professor Bredesen and team, has shown some promising anecdotal results. Identifying sub-types of AD has been proposed as a means to develop targeted protocols for treatment. Recently, 3 sub-types of AD have been described: Type 1 (inflammatory), Type 2 (non-inflammatory or decreasing brain size) and Type 3 (damage to the outer layer of the cerebrum). This report describes 7 patients with Type 3 AD. Type 3 AD is characterised by exposure to specific toxins (usually inhaled) and is often associated with Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS). The report provides the symptoms, signs and laboratory values representative of Type 3 AD and could be used by Nutrition Practitioners to help with implementation of appropriate nutrition protocols when working with clients with AD.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most significant healthcare problems today, with a dire need for effective treatment. Identifying subtypes of Alzheimer's disease may aid in the development of therapeutics, and recently three different subtypes have been described: type 1 (inflammatory), type 2 (non-inflammatory or atrophic), and type 3 (cortical). Here I report that type 3 Alzheimer's disease is the result of exposure to specific toxins, and is most commonly inhalational (IAD), a phenotypic manifestation of chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS), due to biotoxins such as mycotoxins. The appropriate recognition of IAD as a potentially important pathogenetic condition in patients with cognitive decline offers the opportunity for successful treatment of a large number of patients whose current prognoses, in the absence of accurate diagnosis, are grave.
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Favourable effects of consuming a Palaeolithic-type diet on characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot-study.
Boers, I, Muskiet, FA, Berkelaar, E, Schut, E, Penders, R, Hoenderdos, K, Wichers, HJ, Jong, MC
Lipids in health and disease. 2014;13:160
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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing rapidly worldwide and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Modern lifestyle-induced insulin resistance and chronic systemic low grade inflammation are considered at the root of the MetS. Therefore, dietary patterns of our Palaeolithic ancestors may be ideal for prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders since they are thought to be in line with the evolution of human physiology and metabolism. The aim of this randomized controlled pilot study was to assess the efficacy of a Palaeolithic-type diet in improving the characteristics of MetS, compared to a diet based on healthy eating guidelines. The study included 34 participants with MetS who consumed their allocated diets for two weeks. Efforts were made to prevent weight loss so that any favourable effects could be explained by the dietary intervention and not by the positive health effects of weight loss. The findings of this study showed that the Palaeolithic-type diet significantly lowered blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as improved HDL-cholesterol, compared to the reference diet. The participants in the Palaeolithic diet intervention also had fewer characteristics of MetS and a tendency to higher insulin sensitivity at the end of the study. Despite efforts to keep body-weight stable, more weight was lost by the participants in the Palaeolithic group. No changes were observed in the secondary outcomes of inflammation, intestinal permeability and salivary cortisol, which the authors explain by the short duration of the intervention and the attempt to prevent weight loss. The authors conclude that future studies should take full additional advantage of the greater weight loss with the Palaeolithic diet, which may be more satiating than other diets, hence allowing weight loss to happen.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main goal of this randomized controlled single-blinded pilot study was to study whether, independent of weight loss, a Palaeolithic-type diet alters characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Next we searched for outcome variables that might become favourably influenced by a Paleolithic-type diet and may provide new insights in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the metabolic syndrome. In addition, more information on feasibility and designing an innovative dietary research program on the basis of a Palaeolithic-type diet was obtained. METHODS Thirty-four subjects, with at least two characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, were randomized to a two weeks Palaeolithic-type diet (n = 18) or an isoenergetic healthy reference diet, based on the guidelines of the Dutch Health Council (n = 14). Thirty-two subjects completed the study. Measures were taken to keep bodyweight stable. As primary outcomes oral glucose tolerance and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (abdominal circumference, blood pressure, glucose, lipids) were measured. Secondary outcomes were intestinal permeability, inflammation and salivary cortisol. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS Subjects were 53.5 (SD9.7) year old men (n = 9) and women (n = 25) with mean BMI of 31.8 (SD5.7) kg/m2. The Palaeolithic-type diet resulted in lower systolic blood pressure (-9.1 mmHg; P = 0.015), diastolic blood pressure (-5.2 mmHg; P = 0.038), total cholesterol (-0.52 mmol/l; P = 0.037), triglycerides (-0.89 mmol/l; P = 0.001) and higher HDL-cholesterol (+0.15 mmol/l; P = 0.013), compared to reference. The number of characteristics of the metabolic syndrome decreased with 1.07 (P = 0.010) upon the Palaeolithic-type diet, compared to reference. Despite efforts to keep bodyweight stable, it decreased in the Palaeolithic group compared to reference (-1.32 kg; P = 0.012). However, favourable effects remained after post-hoc adjustments for this unintended weight loss. No changes were observed for intestinal permeability, inflammation and salivary cortisol. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that consuming a Palaeolithic-type diet for two weeks improved several cardiovascular risk factors compared to a healthy reference diet in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION Nederlands Trial Register NTR3002.