1.
Effects of n-3 fatty acids and exercise on oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic: a randomized clinical trial.
Fayh, APT, Borges, K, Cunha, GS, Krause, M, Rocha, R, de Bittencourt, PIH, Moreira, JCF, Friedman, R, da Silva Rossato, J, Fernandes, JR, et al
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2018;15:18
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An elevated blood glucose level is one of the key metabolic abnormalities associated with complications in type 2 diabetes. Literature shows that individuals with type 2 diabetes have higher inflammatory levels than those with normal blood glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to examine if omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation can reduce the inflammatory response associated with high-intensity exercise in type 2 diabetic individuals. This was a randomised, double-blind controlled study, which recruited 30 type 2 diabetic men and women aged between 30 and 60 years. Results indicate that after 8 weeks, omega-3 PUFA supplementation diminished the concentration of the total reactive antioxidant potential and triglyceride levels after high intensity exercise, however did not reduce the inflammatory response.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes and oxidative stress has been previously reported. Exercise represents a useful non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients, but high intensity exercise can induce a transient inflammatory state and increase oxidative stress. Nutritional strategies that may contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress induced by acute exercise are necessary. The aim of this study was to examine if n-3 PUFA supplementation intervention can attenuate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with high intensity exercise in this population. As a primary outcome, lipoperoxidation measurements (TBARS and F2-isoprostanes) were selected. METHODS Thirty T2DM patients, without chronic complications, were randomly allocated into two groups: placebo (gelatin capsules) or n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid). Blood samples were collected fasting before and after 8 weeks supplementation. In the beginning and at the end of protocol, an acute exercise was performed (treadmill), and new blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise for measurements of oxidative stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS After the supplementation period, a decrease in triglycerides levels was observed only in n-3 PUFA supplementation group (mean difference and 95% CI of 0.002 (0.000-0.004), p = 0.005). Supplementation also significantly reduced TRAP levels after exercise (mean difference and 95% CI to 9641 (- 20,068-39,351) for - 33,884 (- 56,976 - -10,793), p = 0.004, Cohen's d effect size = 1.12), but no significant difference was observed in n-3 PUFA supplementation group in lipoperoxidation parameters as TBARS (mean difference and 95% CI to - 3.8 (- 10-2.4) for - 2.9 (- 1.6-7.4) or F2-isoprostanes (mean difference and 95% CI -0.05 (- 0.19-0.10) for - 0.02 (- 0.19-0.16), p > 0.05 for both. CONCLUSION PUFA n-3 supplementation reduced triglycerides as well as TRAP levels after exercise, without a significant effect on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number of NCT03182712.
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A randomised controlled intervention trial evaluating the efficacy of a Mediterranean dietary pattern on cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in healthy older adults: the MedLey study.
Knight, A, Bryan, J, Wilson, C, Hodgson, J, Murphy, K
BMC geriatrics. 2015;15:55
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Age-related mental decline is an increasing global health problem. Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease are progressive conditions currently viewed as incurable with no lasting pharmaceutical options. Recent evidence has indicated that diet and lifestyle may help to delay the onset and progression of mental decline. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) will aim to assess the effect of a six months dietary intervention on several mental outcomes, cardiovascular changes and general well being for subjects aged sixty-five and older. The RCT will compare the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with continued habitual diet (HabDiet). The MedDiet subjects will follow the traditional Cretan Mediterranean diet. Compliance will be assessed using food questionnaires and multiple blood markers. This RCT will be one of the first worldwide to provide evidence for the cause-effect relationship between the MedDiet and age-related mental function in a healthy older adults. The RCT has recruited 166 participants so will provide robust evidence. Results have yet to be published.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of age-related cognitive decline is rising considerably around the world. There is evidence from a number of recent cross-sectional and prospective studies indicating positive associations between the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) and improved cognitive outcomes among the elderly including, reduced age-related cognitive decline and enhanced age-related cognitive performance. However, to date no study has validated these associations in healthy older adult populations (≥65 years and above) with randomised evidence. The main aim of the present study is to provide justified evidence regarding the efficacy of a MedDiet approach to safely reduce the onset of cognitive decline, and promote optimal cognitive performance among healthy older adults using rigorous, randomised intervention methodology. METHODS/DESIGN MedLey is a 6-month, randomised controlled 2-cohort parallel group intervention trial, with initial assessment at baseline and repeated every three months. A sample of 166 healthy Australian men and women aged 65 years and above, with normal cognitive function and proficient in English language were recruited from metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia for the study. Participants randomly allocated to the experimental group are required to maintain an intervention dietary pattern based from the traditional Cretan MedDiet (i.e. vegetables, fruits, olive oil, legumes, fish, whole grain cereals, nuts and seeds and low consumption of processed foods, dairy products, red meat and vegetable oils) for six months, while those participants allocated to the control group are asked to maintain their customary lifestyle and diet. The primary outcome of interest is the quantitative difference in age-related cognitive performance, as measured by latent variables (cognitive constructs) sensitive to normal ageing and diet (i.e. speed of processing, memory, attention, executive functions, visual spatial and visuomotor ability). Secondary outcomes include change in biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, glucose, insulin, blood flow velocity, and psychological well-being factors (i.e. stress, sleep, anxiety, depression). DISCUSSION To our knowledge this will be one of the first randomised clinical trials worldwide to provide evidence for the cause-effect relationship between the MedDiet and age-related cognitive function in a healthy older adult population (≥65 years and over). TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000602729.