1.
Effect of a Hop Extract Standardized in 8-Prenylnaringenin on Bone Health and Gut Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A One-Year Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Lecomte, M, Tomassi, D, Rizzoli, R, Tenon, M, Berton, T, Harney, S, Fança-Berthon, P
Nutrients. 2023;15(12)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by weakened and brittle bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Oestrogens play a vital role in maintaining bone health, whereby oestrogen deficiency elevates the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, particularly in menopausal women due to the decline in oestrogen levels. Phytoestrogens, plant-derived compounds capable of interacting with human oestrogen receptors, have presented an intriguing non-pharmaceutical avenue for preventing bone loss. Other phytoestrogens have received some attention in the field, however, limited human research exists on prenylflavonoids, a phytoestrogens found in hops (Humulus lupulus). This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of a year-long supplementation of standardised hop extract (8-PN) Lifenol® on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Additionally, the study explored potential mechanisms, particularly focusing on changes in gut bacteria. Notably, gut bacteria play a role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. They are also, along with the liver, responsible for converting hops phenols into active phytoestrogenic compounds. The trial was completed by 95 postmenopausal, women with Osteopenia aged 50 to 85. They all received calcium and vitamin D3 tablets in addition either a hop extract (100mcg) or a placebo for 48 weeks. Changes were monitored using DXA scans for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism, blood samples for markers for bone health, a quality of life questionnaire, gut microbiome testing, and tests for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. In conclusion, the intake of hop extract confirmed a previously observed trend of a slight increase in total bone mineral density (BMD), in addition to the benefits linked to calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Although there were no significant changes in the composition of gut bacteria and SCFA levels, the hop extract candidates had a higher abundance of specific genera associated with total body BMD, suggesting a potential positive impact. Larger studies are required to validate these findings.
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency increases the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a hop extract standardized in 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), a potent phytoestrogen, could improve bone status of osteopenic women and to explore the gut microbiome roles in this effect. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 100 postmenopausal, osteopenic women were supplemented with calcium and vitamin D3 (CaD) tablets and either a hop extract (HE) standardized in 8-PN (n = 50) or a placebo (n = 50) for 48 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism were assessed by DXA measurements and plasma bone biomarkers, respectively. Participant's quality of life (SF-36), gut microbiome composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were also investigated. In addition to the CaD supplements, 48 weeks of HE supplementation increased total body BMD (1.8 ± 0.4% vs. baseline, p < 0.0001; 1.0 ± 0.6% vs. placebo, p = 0.08), with a higher proportion of women experiencing an increase ≥1% compared to placebo (odds ratio: 2.41 ± 1.07, p < 0.05). An increase in the SF-36 physical functioning score was observed with HE versus placebo (p = 0.05). Gut microbiome α-diversity and SCFA levels did not differ between groups. However, a higher abundance of genera Turicibacter and Shigella was observed in the HE group; both genera have been previously identified as associated with total body BMD. These results suggest that an 8-PN standardized hop extract could beneficially impact bone health of postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
2.
Tenth year reenrollment randomized trial investigating the effects of childhood probiotics and calcium supplementation on height and weight at adolescence.
Setiawan, EA, Rianda, D, Kadim, M, Meilianawati, Susanto, F, Kok, FJ, Shankar, AH, Agustina, R
Scientific reports. 2021;11(1):11860
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
In combination, probiotics and calcium may help to support gut health and aid growth in early life. This 10 year follow up of 238 children from a previous randomised control trial aimed to determine the long-term effects of probiotic and calcium supplementation on growth during adolescence. The use of probiotics and calcium had no effect on changes in height, weight, or body mass for age. When more analyses were performed the use of Lactobacillus casei was shown to influence changes in body mass for age but only in females. Interestingly those in the probiotic group had poorer gut health than those who were not supplemented. It was concluded that in females, the use of probiotics and calcium during early life may decrease the risk of obesity later in life due to improved body mass. However, this warrants further research. This study could be used by health care professionals to understand that the use of probiotics and calcium in early life may have long-term benefits such as risk reduction of metabolic diseases.
Abstract
Microbiota and its modification with specific probiotics in early life could provide long term health benefits. Probiotics and calcium strengthen intestinal integrity and may support linear growth. This study investigated the long-term effects of childhood probiotics and calcium supplementation on growth in adolescence. We re-enrolled 238 adolescents aged 11-18 years from 494 children 10-years after 6-months of supplementation with either low-lactose milk fortified with low levels of calcium (LC, ∼50 mg/day, n = 53/124), with regular levels of calcium (RC, ∼440 mg/day, n = 70/126), or with regular calcium + 5 x 108 CFU/day Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (Reuteri, n = 55/124), or regular calcium + 5 x 108 CFU/day L. casei CRL 431 (Casei, n = 60/120). Changes in height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and body mass index-for-age z-score (BMIZ) were determined from the end of intervention to re-enrollment. General linear models were used to assess the effects on HAZ and BMIZ of group, gender, living area, maternal education, family income, physical activity, diet quality, nutritional status, and gut integrity as determined by urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (L:M). Adolescent mean age was 15.3 years, mean HAZ was - 1.11, mean BMIZ was - 0.2 and median L:M (n = 155) was 0.23. Changes in HAZ and BMIZ were not significantly different between Casei, Reuteri, LC compared to RC. However, a significant decrease in BMIZ was observed among female adolescents in the Casei compared to RC group (- 0.5 SD, 95% CI - 0.8 to - 0.003, p = 0.048). Childhood probiotic and calcium supplementation may therefore selectively affect female adolescents.Clinical trial registration: This follow-up study has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov , Registry name: Rina Agustina, Registration number: NCT04046289, First Registration Date 06/08/19. web link: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04046289 .
3.
Low Zinc, Copper, and Manganese Intake is Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in the Japanese Working Population: Findings from the Eating Habit and Well-Being Study.
Nakamura, M, Miura, A, Nagahata, T, Shibata, Y, Okada, E, Ojima, T
Nutrients. 2019;11(4)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Diet, as well as other lifestyle factors (sleep, exercise etc) are thought to play a significant role in the occurrence of mental disorders, including depression and anxiety. This study focused on the dietary intake of particular minerals (zinc, copper and manganese) and their effects on depression and anxiety of 2089 Japanese participants, each in full time employment. Reasons for the occurrence of mental disorders are considered multi-factorial, but insufficient mineral intake (particularly zinc) is believed to be a causal factor in the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Results of this cross-sectional study showed that low intake of zinc, copper and manganese was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. More specifically, the effect of both low zinc and low copper intake indicated a higher susceptibility towards depression with both low and high manganese status, suggesting low zinc and copper intake contributes to depression and anxiety symptoms regardless of manganese status. Researchers acknowledge that more investigation is needed.
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that there is an association between diet and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the intake of six minerals and mental disorders in a cross-sectional study. We used data from the Eating Habit and Well-being study in Japanese workers. Kessler's six-item psychological distress scale was used to detect mental disorders, with a cut-off score of 12/13, and a validated food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate dietary mineral intake. A total of 2089 participants with no history of depression were included. The prevalence of mental disorders was 6.9%. The lowest quartiles of zinc, copper, and manganese intakes were associated with mental disorders, whereas the lowest quartiles of calcium, magnesium, and iron intake were not associated with mental disorders. Combination analysis of high (≥median) or low (
4.
Metabolic Syndrome Features: Is There a Modulation Role by Mineral Water Consumption? A Review.
Costa-Vieira, D, Monteiro, R, Martins, MJ
Nutrients. 2019;11(5)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Metabolic syndrome, defined as having high blood pressure, triglycerides, blood glucose and being obese, is becoming an increasing worldwide health problem. It’s considered to be a result of modern-day life styles and there is no effective cure other than diet and life style interventions. This review paper looks at the mineral content and the alkalising effects of mineral water when consumed by participants with metabolic syndrome. The minerals within mineral water are thought to be more readily absorbed in the body than when consumed in foods and since Westernised diets are low in mineral content and high in acidity, consuming mineral water could help counteract mineral deficiencies and help to balance pH in those with metabolic syndrome. 20 studies, both animal and human, were selected for evaluation of the effect of mineral water on blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose and waist circumference. The authors conclude that mineral water is indeed beneficial to those with metabolic syndrome and can help counteract mineral deficiencies and balance pH. However, it is unclear whether mineral water in high quantities would be detrimental to a person with adequate mineral status and a pH within optimal range. Further studies are needed.
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) promotes, among others, the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Its prevalence increases with age, highlighting the relevance of promoting precocious MetSyn primary prevention and treatment with easy-to-implement lifestyle interventions. MetSyn features modulation through mineral water consumption was reviewed on Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: metabolic syndrome, hypertension, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein, chylomicron, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose, insulin, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), obesity and mineral(-rich) water. Twenty studies were selected: 12 evaluated BP, 13 assessed total-triglycerides and/or HDL-cholesterol, 10 analysed glucose and/or 3 measured WC. Mineral waters were tested in diverse protocols regarding type and composition of water, amount consumed, diet and type and duration of the study. Human and animal studies were performed in populations with different sizes and characteristics. Distinct sets of five studies showed beneficial effects upon BP, total-triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and glucose. WC modulation was not reported. Minerals/elements and active ions/molecules present in mineral waters (and their pH) are crucial to counterbalance their inadequate intake and body status as well as metabolic dysfunction and increased diet-induced acid-load observed in MetSyn. Study characteristics and molecular/physiologic mechanisms that could explain the different effects observed are discussed. Further studies are warranted for determining the mechanisms involved in the putative protective action of mineral water consumption against MetSyn features.
5.
Vegetarian-style dietary pattern during adolescence has long-term positive impact on bone from adolescence to young adulthood: a longitudinal study.
Movassagh, EZ, Baxter-Jones, ADG, Kontulainen, S, Whiting, S, Szafron, M, Vatanparast, H
Nutrition journal. 2018;17(1):36
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Bone mass attained at the end of adolescence is an important determinant of later osteoporosis risk. Little is known about the influence of dietary patterns on bones during adolescence and their potential long-term implications into adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary patterns on bone change from adolescence to young adulthood in 125 adolescents and 115 young adults. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density were measured, and dietary intake from multiple 24-hour recalls were collected. Five dietary patterns were found including vegetarian style, western-like, high-fat high protein, mixed and snack. This study found that a vegetarian style diet during adolescence is positively associated with bone health. Based on these results, the authors conclude bone accrual in adolescence can be carried into young adulthood, and suggest further studies are needed to generalise these results to wider populations.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amount of bone accrued during adolescence is an important determinant of later osteoporosis risk. Little is known about the influence of dietary patterns (DPs) on the bone during adolescence and their potential long-term implications into adulthood. We examined the role of adolescent DPs on adolescent and young adult bone and change in DPs from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS We recruited participants from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991-2011). Data from 125 participants (53 females) for adolescent analysis (age 12.7 ± 2 years) and 115 participants (51 females) for adult analysis (age 28.2 ± 3 years) were included. Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of total body (TB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Adolescent dietary intake data from multiple 24-h recalls were summarized into 25 food group intakes and were used in the principal component analysis to derive DPs during adolescence. Associations between adolescent DPs and adolescent or adult BMC/BMD were analyzed using multiple linear regression and multivariate analysis of covariance while adjusting for sex, age, the age of peak height velocity, height, weight, physical activity and total energy intake. Generalized estimating equations were used for tracking DPs. RESULTS We derived five DPs including "Vegetarian-style", "Western-like", "High-fat, high-protein", "Mixed" and "Snack" DPs. The "Vegetarian-style" DP was a positive independent predictor of adolescent TBBMC, and adult TBBMC, TBaBMD (P < 0.05). Mean adolescent TBaBMD and young adult TBBMC, TBaBMD, FNBMC and FNaBMD were 5%, 8.5%, 6%, 10.6% and 9% higher, respectively, in third quartile of "Vegetarian-style" DP compared to first quartile (P < 0.05). We found a moderate tracking (0.47-0.63, P < 0.001) in DP scores at individual levels from adolescence to adulthood. There were an upward trend in adherence to "Vegetarian-style" DP and an downward trend in adherence to "High-fat, high-protein" DP from adolescence to young adulthood (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION A "Vegetarian-style" DP rich in dark green vegetables, eggs, non-refined grains, 100% fruit juice, legumes/nuts/seeds, added fats, fruits and low-fat milk during adolescence is positively associated with bone health.
6.
Associations between Yogurt Consumption and Weight Gain and Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Sayon-Orea, C, Martínez-González, MA, Ruiz-Canela, M, Bes-Rastrollo, M
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.). 2017;8(1):146S-154S
-
-
-
Free full text
-
Plain language summary
According to the WHO, overweight and obesity is defined as an excessive or abnormal fat accumulation that may affect human health. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is growing which is mainly due to sedentary lifestyles, as well as the increasing prevalence of obesity. The aim of the study was to analyse the relation between yoghurt consumption and changes in weight or waist circumference and the risk of becoming overweight, obese or develop metabolic syndrome. This study is a systemic review based on 10 cohort studies, 1 of which included the results of 3 cohort studies. Results demonstrate that there was no detrimental affect of yoghurt consumption on weight status or on the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The study also showed that high consumption of yoghurt in tandem with high consumption of fruit may be inversely associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Authors conclude that further prospective studies and high-quality randomised control trials are required in order to confirm that yoghurt consumption may contribute to a reduction in adiposity indexes and the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Abstract
The role of yogurt consumption in the risk of developing overweight, obesity, or metabolic syndrome has been the subject of epidemiologic studies over the last 10 y. A comprehensive literature search on MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge from 1966 through June 2016 was conducted to examine the relation between yogurt consumption and weight gain, as well as the risk of overweight, obesity, or metabolic syndrome, in prospective cohort studies. Ten articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review. Of the 10 cohort studies, 3 analyzed the relation between yogurt consumption and the risk of overweight or obesity, 8 analyzed changes in waist circumference or weight changes, 3 studied the association with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, and 1 studied the probability of abdominal obesity reversion. Although an inverse association between yogurt consumption and the risk of developing overweight or obesity was not fully consistent or always statistically significant, all studies but one showed in their point estimates inverse associations between yogurt consumption and changes in waist circumference, changes in weight, risk of overweight or obesity, and risk of metabolic syndrome during follow-up, although not all estimates were statistically significant (2 studies). Prospective cohort studies consistently suggested that yogurt consumption may contribute to a reduction in adiposity indexes and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, there is a need for more prospective studies and high-quality randomized clinical trials to confirm this apparent inverse association.
7.
Gastrointestinal permeability during exercise: effects of aspirin and energy-containing beverages.
Lambert, GP, Broussard, LJ, Mason, BL, Mauermann, WJ, Gisolfi, CV
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2001;90(6):2075-80
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Many athletes use aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for analgesia. This study of 17 subjects aimed to assess whether the use of aspirin with prolonged exercise could increase gastrointestinal permeability. It also aimed to examine whether consumption of a carbohydrate-containing or a carbohydrate and glutamine-containing beverage could reduce this effect. Authors concluded that acute aspirin consumption before prolonged exercise could increase gastroduodenal and intestinal permeability. They also indicated that gastroduodenal permeability was significantly decreased by the ingestion of carbohydrate-containing beverages and that consumption of carbohydrate containing glutamine beverage provided no additional benefits than the carbohydrate alone beverage.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether aspirin (A) ingestion combined with prolonged exercise increases gastrointestinal permeability and whether consumption of a carbohydrate-containing (CHO) or a CHO + glutamine-containing (CHO+G) beverage would reduce this effect. Seventeen subjects completed six experiments. They ingested A (1,300 mg) or placebo (P) pills the evening before and before running 60 min at 70% maximal oxygen uptake. Also, before running they ingested a solution containing 5 g lactulose (L), 5 g sucrose (S), and 2 g rhamnose (R). During each trial, either a 6% CHO beverage, a 6% CHO+G (0.6%; 41 mM) beverage, or a water placebo (WP) was consumed. For 4 h after a run, all urine was collected to measure urinary excretion of L, R, and S. S excretion (percentage of dose ingested; measure of gastroduodenal permeability) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) during the A trial while the subjects drank the WP compared with all other trials. Administration of A also significantly increased L/R (measure of intestinal permeability) for the CHO and WP trials compared with all P trials. Ingestion the CHO or CHO+G beverages significantly reduced S excretion and L excretion when A was administered, but it did not reduce L/R. These results indicate that gastroduodenal and intestinal permeability increase after A ingestion during prolonged running and that ingestion of a CHO beverage attenuates the gastroduodenal effect but not the intestinal effect. Furthermore, addition of G to the CHO beverage provided no additional benefit in reducing gastroduodenal or intestinal permeability.