0
selected
-
1.
Effect of probiotics or prebiotics on thyroid function: A meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trials.
Shu, Q, Kang, C, Li, J, Hou, Z, Xiong, M, Wang, X, Peng, H
PloS one. 2024;19(1):e0296733
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
The gut microbiome is thought to play a role in thyroid disorders, mediated by regulating iodine uptake, degradation and enterohepatic cycling of thyroid hormones, and differences in microbiome composition between patients with thyroid disorders and healthy individuals have been observed. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of pro-, pre- and synbiotics on thyroid function (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb)) in patients with and without thyroid disorders. 8 randomised controlled trials including 367 participants were included in the review and meta-analysis. Neither pro-, pre- nor synbiotics had a significant effect on TSH, fT4 or fT3 but pre- and probiotics lead to a significant reduction in TRAb in patients with Graves’ disease.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome-directed therapies are increasingly utilized to optimize thyroid function in both healthy individuals and those with thyroid disorders. However, recent doubts have been raised regarding the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in improving thyroid function. This systematic review aimed to investigate the potential relationship between probiotics/prebiotics and thyroid function by analyzing the impact on thyroid hormone levels. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels. We searched for articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up until April 1st, 2023, without any language restriction. Quantitative data analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval as summary statistics. The methods and results were reported according to the PRISMA2020 statement. RESULTS A total of eight articles were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed no significant alterations in TSH (SMD: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.21, 0.20, P = 0.93; I2: 0.00%), fT4 (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.29, 0.21, P = 0.73; I2: 0.00%) or fT3 (SMD: 0.45, 95% CI: -0.14, 1.03, P = 0.43; I2: 78.00%), while a significant reduction in TRAb levels was observed (SMD: -0.85, 95% CI: -1.54, -0.15, P = 0.02; I2: 18.00%) following probiotics/prebiotics supplementation. No indication of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics/prebiotics supplementation does not influence thyroid hormone levels, but may modestly reduce TRAb levels in patients with Graves' disease.
-
2.
Probiotics and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
Avelar-Rodríguez, D, Peña-Vélez, R, Popov, J, Hill, L, Ryan, PM
Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas. 2023;115(8):418-427
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a direct result of the escalating childhood obesity epidemic, is a significant public health issue globally. NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the paediatric population. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of evidence currently available for the use of microbial therapies (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in the treatment of NAFLD in children with obesity. This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of five randomised controlled studies. Results showed that although there is a range of promising effects on both clinical and biochemical parameters, significant interstudy discrepancies reduce reliability and generalisability of these results. Authors concluded there is insufficient evidence to support the beneficial role of probiotics and synbiotics in the treatment of pediatric NAFLD given the substantial degree of discordance amongst the available trials.
Abstract
BACKGROUND non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in childhood is an increasing global public health issue with significant long-term consequences. NAFLD management mainly consists of lifestyle modifications, however, adjunct pharmacological therapies are currently lacking. Gut microbiota manipulation via probiotics may alter the course of pediatric NAFLD. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize all the available literature on the use of probiotics in children and adolescents with NAFLD. METHODS PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for trials on the use of probiotics in pediatric NAFLD. A quantitative DerSimonian Laird random effects meta-analysis was performed when possible; otherwise, a narrative summary of the study outcomes was presented and discussed. A separate search was completed to include all the ongoing registered trials on probiotics use in pediatric NAFLD. RESULTS five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Of these, four trials were included in the final quantitative analysis. Probiotic therapy significantly reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean difference: -10.39 [-19.85, -0.93]), however significant heterogeneity between studies was identified (I2, 93 %). CONCLUSIONS there is insufficient evidence to support probiotics in the treatment of pediatric NAFLD given the substantial degree of discordance amongst the available trials. Lifestyle modifications focusing on maintaining a normal BMI and regular exercise continue to be the gold standard approach to treating NAFLD in children.
-
3.
The influence of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation on antibody titers after influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Yeh, TL, Shih, PC, Liu, SJ, Lin, CH, Liu, JM, Lei, WT, Lin, CY
Drug design, development and therapy. 2018;12:217-230
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Influenza vaccination is widely used although concerns regarding its efficacy exist. Both prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to produce protective effects against influenza infection and may enhance the immune response to the vaccination, especially in the elderly. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of pre- and probiotics on immune response to the influenza vaccination. According to the existing literature, participants who took prebiotics or probiotics were found to have higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies, meaning a reduced likelihood of the virus attaching to the host’s red blood cells. Based on these results, the authors conclude both pre- or probiotic supplementation may enhance immune response in three influenza strains. While these results are promising, larger controlled trials are warranted to confirm the effectiveness and establish best clinical practice for supplementation.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infection is a common disease with a huge disease burden. Influenza vaccination has been widely used, but concerns regarding vaccine efficacy exist, especially in the elderly. Probiotics are live microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects and may enhance the immune responses to influenza vaccination. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the influence of prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics supplementation on vaccine responses to influenza vaccination. Studies were systematically identified from electronic databases up to July 2017. Information regarding study population, influenza vaccination, components of supplements, and immune responses were extracted and analyzed. Twelve studies, investigating a total of 688 participants, were included in this review. RESULTS Patients with prebiotics/probiotics supplements were found to have higher influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers after vaccination (for A/H1N1, 42.89 vs 35.76, mean difference =7.14, 95% CI =2.73, 11.55, P=0.002; for A/H3N2, 105.4 vs 88.25, mean difference =17.19, 95% CI =3.39, 30.99, P=0.01; for B strain, 34.87 vs 30.73, mean difference =4.17, 95% CI =0.37, 7.96, P=0.03). CONCLUSION Supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics may enhance the influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in all A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains (20%, 19.5%, and 13.6% increases, respectively). Concomitant prebiotics or probiotics supplementation with influenza vaccination may hold great promise for improving vaccine efficacy. However, high heterogeneity was observed and further studies are warranted.
-
4.
Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Lei, WT, Shih, PC, Liu, SJ, Lin, CY, Yeh, TL
Nutrients. 2017;9(11)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
The influenza virus causes three to five million severe cases per year and currently the main way to minimise both morbidity and mortality is the influenza vaccine. Both prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to demonstrate protective effects against influenza infection. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics on immune function in adults after an influenza vaccine. According to the existing literature, participants who took prebiotics or probiotics showed significant improvements in the immune response for three different strains of influenza vaccine. According to these results, the authors conclude that both pre- and pro- biotics can be used in adults prior to a seasonal influenza vaccine. Further large trials are required to both validate these findings as well as have a better understanding of the optimal dose and duration of supplementation.
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the immune response to influenza vaccination in adults. We conducted a literature search of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Airiti Library, and PerioPath Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature in Taiwan. Databases were searched from inception to July 2017. We used the Cochrane Review risk of bias assessment tool to assess randomized controlled trial (RCT) quality. A total of 20 RCTs comprising 1979 adults were included in our systematic review. Nine RCTs including 623 participants had sufficient data to be pooled in a meta-analysis. Participants who took probiotics or prebiotics showed significant improvements in the H1N1 strain seroprotection rate (with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.83 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.19-2.82, p = 0.006, I² = 0%), the H3N2 strain seroprotection rate (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.59-5.10, p < 0.001, I² = 0%), and the B strain seroconversion rate (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.38-3.21, p < 0.001, I² = 0%). This meta-analysis suggested that probiotics and prebiotics are effective in elevating immunogenicity by influencing seroconversion and seroprotection rates in adults inoculated with influenza vaccines.
-
5.
Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health.
Singh, RK, Chang, HW, Yan, D, Lee, KM, Ucmak, D, Wong, K, Abrouk, M, Farahnik, B, Nakamura, M, Zhu, TH, et al
Journal of translational medicine. 2017;15(1):73
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Gut microbiome plays an important role in modulating the risk of many chronic diseases through its impact on host immunity and metabolic health. Diet, in turn, can alter the composition of the microbiota. This paper reviewed current understanding of the effects of common dietary components and three select diets on gut microbiota composition and host health. Dietary components included plant and animal protein, saturated and unsaturated fats, digestible and non-digestible carbohydrates, probiotics and polyphenols. The diets included Western diet, gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet. Based on the reviewed papers, the authors concluded that diet can modify the intestinal microbiome, which in turn has a profound impact on overall health. The impact can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the abundance and identity of microbial populations and the nature of their interactions with the host. The authors also state that further research using large, long-term clinical trials to evaluate a greater variety of food components would be helpful in making specific dietary recommendations to patients.
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. At the same time, it is now understood that diet plays a significant role in shaping the microbiome, with experiments showing that dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h. Given this association, there may be significant therapeutic utility in altering microbial composition through diet. This review systematically evaluates current data regarding the effects of several common dietary components on intestinal microbiota. We show that consumption of particular types of food produces predictable shifts in existing host bacterial genera. Furthermore, the identity of these bacteria affects host immune and metabolic parameters, with broad implications for human health. Familiarity with these associations will be of tremendous use to the practitioner as well as the patient.