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1.
Role of leukotriene pathway and montelukast in pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of Covid-19: The enigmatic entity.
Al-Kuraishy, HM, Al-Gareeb, AI, Almulaiky, YQ, Cruz-Martins, N, El-Saber Batiha, G
European journal of pharmacology. 2021;:174196
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the responsible agent for the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has its entry point through interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, highly expressed in lung type II alveolar cells and other tissues, like heart, pancreas, brain, and vascular endothelium. This review aimed to elucidate the potential role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to reveal the critical role of LT pathway receptor antagonists and inhibitors in Covid-19 management. A literature search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases to find the potential role of montelukast and other LT inhibitors in the management of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations triggered by SARS-CoV-2. Data obtained so far underline that pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations in Covid-19 are attributed to a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 in expressed ACE2 receptors or indirectly through NF-κB dependent induction of a cytokine storm. Montelukast can ameliorate extra-pulmonary manifestations in Covid-19 either directly through blocking of Cys-LTRs in different organs or indirectly through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Montelukast and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Scoping Review.
Sharifinejad, N, Sharafian, S, Salekmoghadam, S, Tavakol, M, Qorbani, M
Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology. 2021;(4):384-393
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging worldwide issue, that has affected a large number of people around the world. So far, many studies have aimed to develop a therapeutic approach against COVID-19. Montelukast (MK) is a safe asthma controller drug, which is considered as a potential antiviral drug for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review has a systematic approach to investigate the reports on the use of MK as a part of treatment or a prophylactic agent in COVID-19. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and yielded 35 studies containing the influence of MK on SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, MK appears to be worth being used as an adjuvant therapeutic and prophylactic drug against SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to accurately investigate its effectiveness.
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Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate on quality and preservation of postharvest fruits: A review.
Wang, SY, Shi, XC, Liu, FQ, Laborda, P
Food chemistry. 2021;:129482
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a volatile hormone involved in a number of plant processes, acting as a signal in response to external stresses and modulating the biosynthesis of other phytohormones. Here, we are reviewing for the first time all reports related to the effects of exogenous MeJA on postharvest fruits. Application of MeJA during preharvest and postharvest stages has been demonstrated to enhance fruit antioxidant capacity and phenolics content, which in turn extended fruit shelf-life, enhanced fruit quality and reduced chilling injury. The postharvest application of MeJA has been reported to alter volatiles pattern and to enhance the innate disease resistance of postharvest fruits against pathogenic fungi. The results obtained using different treatment conditions, such as temperature, storage time and concentration, have been highlighted and compared along the manuscript in order to provide new insights on the applicability of MeJA for enhancing postharvest fruit quality and preservation.
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Hypersensitivity reactions to bicarbonate dialysate containing acetate: a case report with literature review.
Nishiuchi, Y, Shima, H, Fukata, Y, Tao, T, Okamoto, T, Takamatsu, N, Okada, K, Minakuchi, J
CEN case reports. 2020;(3):243-246
Abstract
Although hemodialysis-hypersensitivity reactions have various causes, only a few cases of hypersensitivity to acetate dialysate accompanied by fever have been reported. We present the case of a 69-year-old hemodialysis patient who was admitted due to fever after dialysis. He had undergone online hemodiafiltration using acetate-free citrate-containing dialysate. After admission, we switched to acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate. He was diagnosed with pneumonia and treated with ceftriaxone. However, fever that occurred post dialysis persisted, displaying a gradual elevation in CRP level and eosinophils (up to 9.7 mg/dL and 3774 cells/μL, respectively). After a series of negative workups for infection and dialysis membrane allergy, we suspected that acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate to be the cause of the allergic reaction and switched to acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate. Consequently, eosinophil count decreased and the fever abated. The drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test finding (for acetate dialysate) was positive, and he was diagnosed with acetate dialysate-induced hypersensitivity reactions. The condition was not detected earlier due to the complications associated with pneumonia.
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Culprit or correlate? An application of the Bradford Hill criteria to Vitamin E acetate.
Feldman, R, Meiman, J, Stanton, M, Gummin, DD
Archives of toxicology. 2020;(6):2249-2254
Abstract
Vitamin E acetate (VEA) has come under significant scrutiny due to its association with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). In 1965, Sir Austin Bradford Hill proposed a set of criteria used to critically assess an association for causality. In this article, we apply the Bradford Hill causation criteria to VEA and the EVALI outbreak to clarify what further areas of study are needed to strengthen the causal argument. Additionally, we highlight the need for systematized approaches to rapidly identify the cause of mass poisoning events of unknown etiology.
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6.
Acetate Metabolism in Physiology, Cancer, and Beyond.
Bose, S, Ramesh, V, Locasale, JW
Trends in cell biology. 2019;(9):695-703
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Abstract
Acetate and the related metabolism of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) confer numerous metabolic functions, including energy production, lipid synthesis, and protein acetylation. Despite its importance as a nutrient for cellular metabolism, its source has been unclear. Recent studies have provided evidence to support the existence of a de novo pathway for acetate production derived from pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. This mechanism of pyruvate-derived acetate generation could have far-reaching implications for the regulation of central carbon metabolism. In this Opinion, we discuss our current understanding of acetate metabolism in the context of cell-autonomous metabolic regulation, cell-cell interactions, and systemic physiology. Applications relevant to health and disease, particularly cancer, are emphasized.
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7.
Molecular mechanism of plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate for its anti-inflammatory activity.
Gunjegaonkar, SM, Shanmugarajan, TS
Plant signaling & behavior. 2019;(10):e1642038
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Abstract
Plant stress hormones (Phytohormones/PTH) are abundantly present in numerous vascular plants. Several classes of plant stress hormones like auxins (AU) & gibberellins (GA), cytokinins (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates (JA), brassinosteroids (BR) and strigolactones are synthesized within specialized plant cells. Among them, jasmonate are prominent class of stress hormones involved in survival of plants in stressful conditions. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is ester of jasmonic acid is extensively studied for its potential clinical benefits. MeJA is used as an effective antimicrobial agent, food preservative, antioxidant in food and agricultural sectors. The clinical benefits of MeJA have been related to their prominent interactions with inflammatory NF-κB pathways, inhibition of enzymes, gene expression for synthesis of inflammatory mediators, signaling molecules, oxidative stress and modulation of pain perception/nociceptive responses. The objective of the present review is to provide an cohesive relation of MeJA in inflammation with reference to past and recent in-vivo and in-vitro investigations in broad perspectives.
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Changing dialysate composition to optimize acid-base therapy.
Sargent, JA, Marano, M, Marano, S, Gennari, FJ
Seminars in dialysis. 2019;(3):248-254
Abstract
In response to rapid alkali delivery during hemodialysis, hydrogen ions (H+ ) are mobilized from body buffers and from stimulation of organic acid production in amounts sufficient to convert most of the delivered bicarbonate to CO2 and water. Release of H+ from nonbicarbonate buffers serves to back-titrate them to a more alkaline state, readying them to buffer acids that accumulate in the interval between treatments. By contrast, stimulation of organic acid production only serves to remove added bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) from the body; the organic anions produced by this process are lost into the dialysate, irreversibly acidifying the patient as well as diverting metabolic activity from normal homeostasis. We have developed an analytic tool to quantify these acid-base events, which has shown that almost two-thirds of the H+ mobilized during hemodialysis comes from organic acid production when bath bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3 - ]) is 32 mEq/L or higher. Using data from the hemodialysis patients we studied with our analytical model, we have simulated the effect of changing bath solute on estimated organic acid production. Our simulations demonstrate that reducing bath [HCO3 - ] should decrease organic acid production, a change we propose as beneficial to the patient. They also highlight the differential effects of variations in bath acetate concentration, as compared to [HCO3 - ], on the amount and rate of alkali delivery. Our results suggest that transferring HCO3 - delivery from direct influx to acetate influx and metabolism provides a more stable and predictable rate of HCO3 - addition to the patient receiving bicarbonate-based hemodialysis. Our simulations provide the groundwork for the clinical studies needed to verify these conclusions.
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Targeting cysteinyl-leukotrienes in abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Araújo, AC, Tang, X, Haeggström, JZ
Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators. 2018;:24-28
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an asymptomatic dilatation of the vessel wall exceeding the normal vessel diameter by 50%, accompanied by intramural thrombus formation. Since the aneurysm can rupture, AAA is a life-threatening vascular disease, which may be amenable to surgical repair. At present, no pharmacological therapy for AAA is available. The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism leads to biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs), potent lipid mediators with pro-inflammatory biological actions. Among the LTs, cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LT) are well-recognized signaling molecules in human asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, the effects of these molecules in cardiovascular diseases have only recently been explored. Drugs antagonizing the CysLT1 receptor, termed lukasts and typified by montelukast, are established therapeutics for clinical management of asthma. Lukasts are safe, well-tolerated drugs that can be administered during long time periods. Here we describe recent data indicating that montelukast may be used for prevention and treatment of AAA, thus representing a promising pharmacological tool for a deadly vascular disease with significant socio-economic impact.
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10.
The efficacy and safety of H1-antihistamine versus Montelukast for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wei, C
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2016;:989-997
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to verify the differences of effectiveness and safety between SAHs and Montelukast, and to find out potential uncared-for problems, we performed a systematic review and Meta-analysis to proceed a qualitative describe and quantitative assessment. METHODS We searched the databases of Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Nature and Science as well as Wanfang data and CNKI from 2000 to March 2016, using key words "Montelukast SAH" or "H1-antihistamine Montelukast", or "Loratadine Montelukast", or "Desloratadine Montelukast", or "Levocetirizine Montelukast", or "Cetirizen Montelukast", or "Fexofenadine Montelukast". And also we included studies through relevant citations in related literature. Meta-analysis and bias of risk were performed. We analyzed Heterogeneity and publish bias as well. RESULT Montelukast seems more effective in nighttime symptoms compare with SAHs (P=0.008, MD=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.08, -0.01). No significant difference was found between Montelukast and SAHs in CSS (P=0.10, MD=0.03, 95%CI: -0.01, 0.07). Montelukast and SAHs combined therapy was more effective than Montelukast DNSS (P=0.0006, MD=0.15, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.24) but not in CSS (P=0.04, MD=0.08, 95%CI: 0.00, 0.15; Bonferroni correction α=0.017). CONCLUSION Montelukast has a significant influence in improving patients' nasal symptoms quality of live but is not as effective as SAHs, and may have a slight advantage over SAHs in relieving nighttime symptoms significantly. Combined therapy is more effective in improving patients' day time symptom than Montelukast. Probably, patients might have a lower asthenia incidence rate when using Montelukas.