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Effect of montelukast combined with methylprednisolone for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia.
Wu, H, Ding, X, Zhao, D, Liang, Y, Ji, W
The Journal of international medical research. 2019;(6):2555-2561
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the leukotriene receptor agonist montelukast combined with methylprednisolone on inflammatory response and peripheral blood lymphocyte subset content in children with mycoplasma pneumonia. METHODS Seventy-four children were enrolled and randomly divided into a standard treatment group and a montelukast plus methylprednisolone group. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and corresponding cytokines of T lymphocyte subsets were measured, and peripheral blood was collected to determine the T cell subset content. RESULTS At 3 days and 7 days after treatment, serum MCP-1, PCT, ICAM-1, CXCL8, CRP, IFN-γ, and IL-17 levels and peripheral blood Th1 and Th17 content were significantly decreased in both groups, while serum IL-4 and TGF-β levels and peripheral blood Treg and Th2 content were significantly increased. However, serum MCP-1, PCT, ICAM-1, CXCL8, CRP, IFN-γ, and IL-17 levels and peripheral blood Th1 and Th17 content were significantly lower while serum IL-4 and TGF-β levels and peripheral blood Treg and Th2 content were significantly higher in the montelukast plus methylprednisolone group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Montelukast combined with methylprednisolone for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia can inhibit inflammatory responses and regulate levels of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells.
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Montelukast and Nasal Corticosteroids to Treat Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Liming, BJ, Ryan, M, Mack, D, Ahmad, I, Camacho, M
Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2019;(4):594-602
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature on anti-inflammatory medications for treating pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and perform meta-analysis of the available data. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE and 4 additional databases. REVIEW METHODS Three authors independently and systematically searched through June 28, 2018, for studies that assessed anti-inflammatory therapy for treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Data were compiled and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (Nordic Cochrane Centre). RESULTS After screening 135 studies, 32 were selected for review with 6 meeting inclusion criteria. In total, 668 patients aged 2 to 5 years met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Of these, 5 studies (166 children) that evaluated montelukast alone as treatment for pediatric OSA found a 55% improvement in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (mean [SD] 6.2 [3.1] events/h pretreatment and 2.8 [2.7] events/h posttreatment; mean difference [MD] of -2.7 events/h; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.6 to 0.3) with improvement in lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) from 89.5 (6.9) to 92.1 (3.6) (MD, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.5-4.0). Two studies (502 children) observing the effects of montelukast with intranasal corticosteroids on pediatric OSA found a 70% improvement in AHI (4.7 [2.1] events/h pretreatment and 1.4 [1.0] events/h posttreatment; MD of -4.2 events/h; 95% CI, -6.3 to -2.0), with an improvement in LSAT from 87.8 (3.1) to 92.6 (2.2) (MD, 4.8; 95% CI, 4.5-5.1). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with montelukast and intranasal steroids or montelukast alone is potentially beneficial for short-term management of mild pediatric OSA.
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Effect of Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate on the Lipid and Carbohydrate Content and Composition of Winter Triticale ( Triticosecale Wittm.) Grain and the Severity of Fungal Infections in Triticale Plants and Grain.
Zalewski, K, Lahuta, LB, Martysiak-Żurowska, D, Okorski, A, Nitkiewicz, B, Zielonka, Ł
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2019;(21):5932-5939
Abstract
Kernels of winter triticale ( Triticosecale Wittm. cv. Dinaro) were analyzed. In the autumn of 2015, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the germination of triticale kernels and the development of triticale seedlings was analyzed in a laboratory before kernels were sown in experimental plots. Kernels harvested from plots in August 2016 were analyzed to determine their lipid and carbohydrate content and composition and the severity of fungal infections. Triticale grain was harvested at full maturity. The plots were sprayed with MJ at concentrations of 10-6 to 10-3 M in the stem elongation stage (200 L/ha) and in the early milk stage (300 L/ha). Other preventive treatments, fungicides, pesticides, or foliar fertilizers were not applied. Lipids of triticale kernels contained 20 fatty acids (FAs) with the highest proportion of linoleic acid. Methyl jasmonate did not exert a significant effect on the FA composition of kernel lipids treated with the plant hormone during the growing season. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant ( p < 0.05) differences in the total content of soluble carbohydrates in control kernels and in the kernels collected from triticale plants treated with MJ. Methyl jasmonate applied at a concentration of 10-3 M in BBCH stages 54 and 73 reduced the prevalence of stem base, leaf, and spike diseases. However, the severity of grain infections caused by mycotoxin-producing fungi increased in treatments where MJ was applied at a concentration of 10-5 M relative to the control treatment. The study describes the results noted in naturally infected plants and provides valuable inputs for agricultural practice, but further research is required to validate the presented findings.
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Comparison between montelukast and tiotropium as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids plus a long-acting β2-agonist in for patients with asthma.
Hoshino, M, Akitsu, K, Ohtawa, J
The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma. 2019;(9):995-1003
Abstract
Objective: Asthma often remains uncontrolled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or with ICS plus a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA). The recommended alternative is the addition of either montelukast or tiotropium. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of montelukast and tiotropium on airway inflammation and remodeling in persistent asthma. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with asthma were treated with budesonide and formoterol (640/18 μg); then, the patients were randomly allocated to three groups to receive oral montelukast (10 mg/day), inhaled tiotropium (5 μg/day), or no add-on to the maintenance therapy for 48 weeks. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and pulmonary function were measured, and quantitative computed tomography was performed. Results: Compared to the maintenance therapy, add-on montelukast significantly decreased FeNO (p < 0.05) and improved airflow obstruction (p < 0.05), whereas airway dimensions remained unchanged. Changes in FeNO were significantly correlated with changes in FEV1 (r = -0.71, p < 0.001). In contrast, the addition of tiotropium significantly decreased airway wall area corrected for body surface area (WA/BSA) (p < 0.05), decreased wall thickness (T/√BSA) (p < 0.05) and improved airflow obstruction (p < 0.05) with no change in FeNO. Changes in WA/BSA and T/√BSA were significantly correlated with the change in percentage predicted FEV1 (r = -0.84, p < 0.001 and r = -0.59, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions:Adding either montelukast or tiotropium to ICS/LABA may provide additive benefits with respect to the pulmonary function and airway inflammation or remodeling in patients with asthma.
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Combination therapy with montelukast and loratadine alleviates pharyngolaryngeal symptoms related to seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Imoto, Y, Takabayashi, T, Sakashita, M, Tokunaga, T, Morikawa, T, Ninomiya, T, Okamoto, M, Narita, N, Fujieda, S
The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. 2019;(3):1068-1070.e3
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Oleuropein aglycone and hydroxytyrosol interfere differently with toxic Aβ1-42 aggregation.
Leri, M, Natalello, A, Bruzzone, E, Stefani, M, Bucciantini, M
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2019;:1-12
Abstract
Oleuropein aglycone (OleA), the most abundant polyphenol in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and Hydroxythyrosol (HT), the OleA main metabolite, have attracted our interest due to their multitarget effects, including the interference with amyloid aggregation path. However, the mechanistic details of their anti-amyloid effect are not known yet. We report here a broad biophysical approach and cell biology techniques that enabled us to characterize the different molecular mechanisms by which OleA and HT modulate the Aβ1-42 fibrillation, a main histopathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, OleA prevents the growth of toxic Aβ1-42 oligomers and blocks their successive growth into mature fibrils following its interaction with the peptide N-terminus, while HT speeds up harmless fibril formation. Our data demonstrate that, by stabilizing oligomers and fibrils, both polyphenols reduce their seeding activity and aggregate/membrane interaction on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. These findings highlight the great potential of EVOO polyphenols and offer the possibility to validate and to optimize their use for possible AD prevention and therapy.
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Montelukast and Budesonide for Childhood Cough Variant Asthma.
Sun, W, Liu, HY
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP. 2019;(4):345-348
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of combined treatment of montelukast and budesonide on young children with cough variant asthma, and their serum inflammatory factors of serum hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and pulmonary function. STUDY DESIGN An experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China, from January 2016 to January 2017. METHODOLOGY A total of 112 children with cough variant asthma were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 56 cases in each group. All children were treated with antibiotics and resolving phlegm. The control group were given budesonide, while the observation group was treated additionally with montelukast. After the course, improvement time of clinical symptoms of cough, asthma, etc., changes in levels of serum inflammatory factors of hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6, and pulmonary function indexes of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at the end of the first 1s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and observe concurrence of untoward effects in the two groups of sick children were compared. RESULTS After treatment, extinction time for cough and for asthma of the observation group was less than those in the control group (all p<0.001). Levels of serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 in the observation group were all lower than those of the control group (all p<0.001). Pulmonary function indices of FVC, FEV1 and PEF of the two groups of sick children were all higher than those of the control group (all p<0.001). During the treatment, there was no difference in the comparison of untoward effect rate of the two groups (p=0.696). After follow-up observation on the two groups of sick children for 1 year, the recurrence rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (p=0.026). CONCLUSION Curative effects on young children with cough variant asthma of montelukast combined with budesonide are significant. The therapy may improve clinical symptoms and pulmonary function and reduce serum inflammatory factor level of sick children, with high application value and worthy of application and promotion.
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Exercise training as an adjunctive therapy to montelukast in children with mild asthma: A randomized controlled trial.
Zhang, YF, Yang, LD
Medicine. 2019;(2):e14046
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of exercise training (ET) as an adjunctive therapy to montelukast for children with mild asthma (MA). METHODS A total of 72 children, ages 4 to 12 years with MA were randomly assigned to a treatment group or a control group at a ratio of 1:1. The subjects in the treatment group received ET plus montelukast, while the participants in the control group received montelukast alone. The primary endpoint was lung function, as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and ratio between FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). The secondary endpoints included the symptom improvements, as measured by clinical assessment score, and quality of life (QoL), as assessed with Paediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ) scores. In addition, adverse events were also assessed during the period of this study. All outcomes were measured at baseline, at the end of 6-week treatment and 2-week follow-up after the treatment. RESULTS After 6-week treatment and 2-week follow-up, although ET plus montelukast did not show better effectiveness in improving lung function, as evaluated by the FEV1 (P > .05) and FEV1/FVC (P > .05) than montelukast alone, significant relief in clinical symptoms (P < .01), and improvement in QoL (P < .01) have achieved. Additionally, both groups had similar safety profile. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that ET as an adjunctive therapy to montelukast may benefit for children with MA. Further studies are still needed to warrant the results of this study.
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Acetate Metabolism in Physiology, Cancer, and Beyond.
Bose, S, Ramesh, V, Locasale, JW
Trends in cell biology. 2019;(9):695-703
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Abstract
Acetate and the related metabolism of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) confer numerous metabolic functions, including energy production, lipid synthesis, and protein acetylation. Despite its importance as a nutrient for cellular metabolism, its source has been unclear. Recent studies have provided evidence to support the existence of a de novo pathway for acetate production derived from pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. This mechanism of pyruvate-derived acetate generation could have far-reaching implications for the regulation of central carbon metabolism. In this Opinion, we discuss our current understanding of acetate metabolism in the context of cell-autonomous metabolic regulation, cell-cell interactions, and systemic physiology. Applications relevant to health and disease, particularly cancer, are emphasized.
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Spatial distributions of cholinergic impairment and neuronal hypometabolism differ in MCI due to AD.
Richter, N, Nellessen, N, Dronse, J, Dillen, K, Jacobs, HIL, Langen, KJ, Dietlein, M, Kracht, L, Neumaier, B, Fink, GR, et al
NeuroImage. Clinical. 2019;:101978
Abstract
Elucidating the relationship between neuronal metabolism and the integrity of the cholinergic system is prerequisite for a profound understanding of cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The cholinergic system can be investigated specifically using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]N-methyl-4-piperidyl-acetate (MP4A), while neuronal metabolism is often assessed with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose-(FDG) PET. We hypothesised a close correlation between MP4A-perfusion and FDG-uptake, permitting inferences about metabolism from MP4A-perfusion, and investigated the patterns of neuronal hypometabolism and cholinergic impairment in non-demented AD patients. MP4A-PET was performed in 18 cognitively normal adults and 19 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and positive AD biomarkers. In nine patients with additional FDG-PET, the sum images of every combination of consecutive early MP4A-frames were correlated with FDG-scans to determine the optimal time window for assessing MP4A-perfusion. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was estimated using a 3-compartmental model. Group comparisons of MP4A-perfusion and AChE-activity were performed using the entire sample. The highest correlation between MP4A-perfusion and FDG-uptake across the cerebral cortex was observed 60-450 s after injection (r = 0.867). The patterns of hypometabolism (FDG-PET) and hypoperfusion (MP4A-PET) in MCI covered areas known to be hypometabolic early in AD, while AChE activity was mainly reduced in the lateral temporal cortex and the occipital lobe, sparing posterior midline structures. Data indicate that patterns of cholinergic impairment and neuronal hypometabolism differ significantly at the stage of MCI in AD, implying distinct underlying pathologies, and suggesting potential predictors of the response to cholinergic pharmacotherapy.