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1.
Effects of growth hormone therapy on metabolic parameters, adipokine and endothelial dysfunction in prepuberal children.
Cañete, MD, Valle-Martos, R, Martos, R, Cañete, R, Valle, M, Jiménez-Reina, L
Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2019;(11):2027-2033
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether non-obese prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) present changes in lipid metabolism, and adipokines, and to assess the short-term effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment on these parameters. METHODS Prospective observational follow-up and case-control (36 GHD children and 38 healthy children) study lasted for six months. Means of values from groups were compared, control group versus GHD baseline group, and GHD baseline group versus GHD after six months of GH replacement therapy. Lipid profile, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, adiponectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were all analysed. RESULTS Growth hormone deficiency children show higher baseline levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo B and sICAM-1, but lower levels of free fatty acids, insulin and HOMA-IR. After six months of treatment, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Apo B, T cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin levels decreased. The changes in insulin and HOMA-IR levels correlated inversely with the changes in HDL cholesterol and Apo A1 levels. A correlation was also observed between the changes in adiponectin levels and the changes in HDL cholesterol and Apo A1 levels. Variations in leptin levels were correlated with changes in triglycerides. CONCLUSION Prepubertal non-obese GHD children present altered lipid profiles and adipokine levels. Replacement therapy with GH improves these variables.
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2.
Has the adipokine profile an influence on the catch-up growth type in small for gestational age infants?
Léniz, A, Portillo, MP, Fernández-Quintela, A, Macarulla, MT, Sarasua-Miranda, A, Del Hoyo, M, Díez-López, I
Journal of physiology and biochemistry. 2019;(3):311-319
Abstract
Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity, persistent short stature, and metabolic alterations in later life. Moreover, the post-natal growth pattern of SGA infants may be an important contributor to health outcomes later in life, which can be influenced by adipokines. The aims of this study were to compare plasma adipokine profiles (leptin, adiponectin, vaspin, chemerin, and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV/CCN3)) among SGA newborns aged 3 months, with low, normal, or high catch-up, to search for potential differences between males and females and to analyze the evolution of several adipokines in plasma from SGA newborns between 3 and 24 months. This prospective, longitudinal study was addressed in SGA Caucasian subjects at Hospital Universitario de Álava-Txagorritxu. We observed that infants with fast catch-up showed significantly lower birth weight than the other two groups. As far as adipokines are concerned, they could have an influence on catch-up type because differences among the three experimental groups were found. It may be proposed that health prognoses in infants with slow and fast catch-up are opposite, not only in adulthood but also during their first months. Finally, adipokine evolution patterns during the first 24 months of age differ, depending on the adipokine, and 24-month-old males show lower levels of leptin, adiponectin, and omentin than females.
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3.
Circulating adipokines and risk of obesity related cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yoon, YS, Kwon, AR, Lee, YK, Oh, SW
Obesity research & clinical practice. 2019;(4):329-339
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can influence on carcinogenesis through alterations in adipokines and subsequent inflammatory changes. This meta-analysis was aimed to comprehensively assess the association between circulating adipokines and risk of obesity-related cancers. METHODS Pubmed and Embase were searched up to October 2017 for observational studies investigating the relationship between adipokines and cancers. Pooled odds ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval was estimated through the meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Findings A total of 93 observational studies (adiponectin = 60, high molecular weight adiponectin = 9, leptin = 39, IL-6 = 16, TNF-α = 10, and resistin = 17) were included. Adiponectin was significantly associated with decreased risk of cancer (pooled OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60-0.80; I2 = 71.9%; Pheterogeneity <0.01). Leptin was significantly associated with increased risk of cancer (1.26, 1.05-1.51; I2 = 65.7%; Pheterogeneity <0.01). For each 5 μg/ml increase in adiponectin and 5 ng/ml increase in leptin, the pooled OR was 0.88 (0.83-0.93; I2 = 80.2%; Pheterogeneity <0.01) and 1.05 (1.01-1.09; I2 = 67.9%; Pheterogeneity<0.01)), respectively. There was nonlinear dose-response association (Pnonlinearity for adiponectin = 0.01; Pnonlinearity for leptin = 0.003).IL-6 (1.09, 0.94-1.25), TNF- α (1.65, 0.99-2.74), and resistin (1.28, 0.78-2.11) was not associated with risk of cancer. By cancer site and type, highest category of adiponectin was associated with decreased risk of breast (OR 0.74, 0.60-0.91), colorectal (0.74, 0.60-0.91), and endometrial cancer (0.49, 0.34-0.72). Higher leptin was associated with increased risk of endometrial (1.88, 1.24-2.87) and kidney cancer (2.07, 1.51-2.83). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the etiology of cancer.
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4.
Body composition and adipokines changes after initial treatment with darunavir-ritonavir plus either raltegravir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine: A substudy of the NEAT001/ANRS143 randomised trial.
Bernardino, JI, Mocroft, A, Wallet, C, de Wit, S, Katlama, C, Reiss, P, Mallon, PW, Richert, L, Molina, JM, Knobel, H, et al
PloS one. 2019;(1):e0209911
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparison of changes in body composition, adipokines and inflammatory markers after initial therapy with a nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (N(t)RTI)- sparing or containing regimen are scarce. DESIGN Randomised Clinical Trial. METHODS This is the body composition substudy of NEAT 001/ANRS 143, a randomised trial comparing darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus either raltegravir (RAL) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 805 ART naïve HIV-infected adults. The primary endpoint was percentage change in limb fat at week 96. Secondary endpoints were associations among these changes and metabolic markers (IL-6, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, FGF-23). RESULTS 126 subjects (61 DRV/r + RAL and 65 DRV/r + TDF/FTC) were included. The rate of change in BMI between groups for RAL versus TDF/FTC at week 96 was 1.5% per 48-week period (p = 0.015). The rate of change in limb fat mass, trunk fat mass, total body fat and total lean mass was for RAL versus TDF/FTC at week 96 was 2.5% (p = 0.38), 7.3% ((p = 0.021), 4.9% (p = 0.061) and 1.3% (p = 0.12) respectively. Baseline insulin and leptin levels were correlated with baseline limb fat and trunk fat mass [r = 0.31 (p = 0.0043)/r = 0.28 (p = 0.0011) for limb fat, and r = 0.63 (p<0.0001)/r = 0.50(p<0.0001) for trunk fat]. After adjustment, a 10% faster increase in leptin between baseline and week 48 was associated with a more rapid increase in limb fat at week 48 (0.5% per 48 weeks, p<0.001), total body fat mass (0.6% per 48 weeks, p<0.001), and trunk fat mass (0.3% per 48 weeks, p = 0.0026). CONCLUSIONS After week 96 a N(t)RTI sparing regimen of DRV/r + RAL produced a numerically greater percentage increase in body composition variables with only change in trunk fat mass and BMI being significant.
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5.
Impact of Intragastric Balloon Treatment on Adipokines, Cytokines, and Metabolic Profile in Obese Individuals.
Guedes, MR, Fittipaldi-Fernandez, RJ, Diestel, CF, Klein, MRST
Obesity surgery. 2019;(8):2600-2608
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is accompanied by adipose tissue remodeling characterized by increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, leptin and resistin and reduced secretion of adiponectin, which favors inflammation, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Although intragastric balloon (IGB) can be considered safe and effective for weight loss, its effect on serum levels of these biomarkers has been evaluated only in a few studies, while no previous study evaluated its effect on circulating levels of resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in serum levels of metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in obese patients submitted to IGB treatment. METHODS A prospective observational study involving 42 patients with obesity using IGB for 6 months. The patients were evaluated, on the day of insertion and withdrawal or adjustment of IGB, for the following: anthropometric measures and serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, insulin, uric acid, triglycerides, and total cholesterol and fractions. RESULTS The body mass index decreased from 35.15 ± 0.41 to 29.50 ± 0.54 kg/m2. There was a reduction (p < 0.05) in leptin, hs-CRP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, while the adiponectin/leptin ratio increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, weight loss presented (1) a positive association with the decrease in leptin, hs-CRP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, uric acid, and total cholesterol and (2) a negative association with the reduction in adiponectin/leptin ratio. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that 6 months of IGB treatment in obese individuals reduce serum leptin and hs-CRP and improves insulin resistance and lipid profile which may decrease cardiovascular risk.
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6.
Relevance of Leptin and Other Adipokines in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk.
Landecho, MF, Tuero, C, Valentí, V, Bilbao, I, de la Higuera, M, Frühbeck, G
Nutrients. 2019;(11)
Abstract
Obesity, which is a worldwide epidemic, confers increased risk for multiple serious conditions including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Adipose tissue is considered one of the largest endocrine organs in the body as well as an active tissue for cellular reactions and metabolic homeostasis rather than an inert tissue only for energy storage. The functional pleiotropism of adipose tissue relies on its ability to synthesize and release a large number of hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors, which are collectively called adipokines known to influence a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the obese state, excessive visceral fat accumulation causes adipose tissue dysfunctionality that strongly contributes to the onset of obesity-related comorbidities. The mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction include adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, increased inflammation, impaired extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis together with an altered secretion of adipokines. This review describes the relevance of specific adipokines in the obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.
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7.
Decreased serum levels of CTRP12/adipolin in patients with coronary artery disease in relation to inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance.
Fadaei, R, Moradi, N, Kazemi, T, Chamani, E, Azdaki, N, Moezibady, SA, Shahmohamadnejad, S, Fallah, S
Cytokine. 2019;:326-331
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis as the main underlying mechanism of CAD is associated with inflammation and adipose tissue dysfunction. C1q/TNF-related protein12 (CTRP12) is a newly discovered adipokine which is a paralog of adiponectin. CTRP12 has anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing effects. Circulating levels of this adipokine have been reported to be lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The present study was undertaken for the first time to evaluate serum levels of CTRP12 in CAD patients and its association with anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Serum levels of CTRP12 were measured using ELISA kit in 188 CAD patients (angiography confirmed) and 70 controls. The serum levels of adiponectin, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured using ELISA kits. Serum levels of CTRP12 were found to be lower in CAD patients (585.48 ± 201.67 pg/mL) than in the controls (814.86 ± 247.85 pg/mL; p < 0.001). CTRP12 also showed an independent association with the risk of CAD (OR [CI] = 0.998 [0.996-0.999]; p = 0.019). Moreover, it showed an inverse correlation with HOMA-IR (r = -0.298; p = 0.012) and TNF-α (r = -0.269; p = 0.023) and a positive correlation with adiponectin (r = 0.344; p = 0.003) in the controls. In CAD patients, CTRP12 was inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.181, p = 0.013), HOMA-IR (r = -0.199; p = 0.006), TNF-α (r = -0.259; p < 0.001) and IL-6 (r = -320; p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(r = 0.342; p < 0.001) and adiponectin (r = 0.398; p < 0.001). The present study showed for the first time that serum levels of CTRP12 are independently associated with CAD and that CTRP12 is associated with several CAD risk factors. The results suggest a possible link between CTRP12 and pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, such as inflammation and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol metabolism; however, more study is required in this regard.
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8.
Evidence of human milk oligosaccharides in maternal circulation already during pregnancy: a pilot study.
Jantscher-Krenn, E, Aigner, J, Reiter, B, Köfeler, H, Csapo, B, Desoye, G, Bode, L, van Poppel, MNM
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2019;(3):E347-E357
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive glycans linked with health benefits to both the breast-fed infant and lactating mother. We hypothesized that HMOs are present before lactation, already during pregnancy, and are influenced by maternal body composition. In a pilot study, we investigated individual and temporal variations in HMO composition and concentration in maternal serum at gestational weeks 10-14 ( visit 1), 20-24 ( visit 2), and 30-35 (visit 3) (V1, V2, and V3, respectively) and associations with maternal body composition. HMOs were quantified by HPLC and confirmed by enzymatic digest and mass spectrometry. Associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness, and adipokines with absolute and relative HMO concentrations were analyzed by Spearman correlation. We identified 16 HMOs and 2 oligosaccharides not common to human milk. HMO concentration and composition varied with gestational age and secretor status. HMO concentration increased with gestational age and changed from a predominantly sialylated profile at V1 to a more balanced fucosylated-to-sialylated ratio at V3, mostly due to a profound increase in 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), reflecting secretor phenotype. In secretor-positive women, BMI was negatively correlated with 2'-FL at V2. SAT at V1 and V2 were strongly negatively correlated with 2'-FL concentrations. This pilot study shows that prenatal HMOs are present in maternal serum, suggesting roles for HMOs already during pregnancy. Our result that maternal body composition is associated with prenatal HMOs might indicate that maternal metabolism modulates HMO composition with unknown implications for maternal and fetal health already during pregnancy.
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9.
Circulating eNampt and resistin as a proinflammatory duet predicting independently mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: A prospective observational study.
Karampela, I, Christodoulatos, GS, Kandri, E, Antonakos, G, Vogiatzakis, E, Dimopoulos, G, Armaganidis, A, Dalamaga, M
Cytokine. 2019;:62-70
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocytokines eNampt and resistin are involved in the regulation of inflammation exerting pro-inflammatory actions. Our aim was to jointly investigate whether circulating eNampt and resistin, and their kinetics predict 28-day mortality of sepsis. METHODS In a prospective study, serum eNampt and resistin were determined in 102 critically ill patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of SEPSIS-3, at enrollment and one week after, and in 102 healthy controls matched on age, gender and month of diagnosis. RESULTS Serum eNampt and resistin were significantly higher in septic patients than controls (p < 0.001), and higher in septic shock compared to sepsis (p < 0.001). Both eNampt and resistin decreased significantly during the first week of sepsis (p < 0.001). However, patients with septic shock presented a sustained elevation of eNampt and resistin compared to patients with sepsis. Both adipocytokines were positively correlated with sepsis severity scores and lactate. Baseline eNampt was a better discriminator of sepsis and septic shock compared to C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Serum eNampt and resistin were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors during the first week of sepsis. Prolonged and sustained elevation of both eNampt and resistin, as reflected by a lower percentage change from their baseline values, was independently associated with 28-day mortality (HR: 0.05, 95% C.I. 0.01-0.28, p = 0.001; HR: 0.19, 95% C.I. 0.07-0.50, p = 0.001, respectively), after adjustment for significant clinical and laboratory biomarkers. CONCLUSION Circulating eNampt and resistin, and their kinetics may represent useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in critically ill septic patients. More prospective studies are needed to elucidate their ontological and pathophysiological role in sepsis.
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10.
Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation combined with lifestyle intervention on adipokines and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia.
Huang, F, Del-Río-Navarro, BE, Leija-Martinez, J, Torres-Alcantara, S, Ruiz-Bedolla, E, Hernández-Cadena, L, Barraza-Villarreal, A, Romero-Nava, R, Sanchéz-Muñoz, F, Villafaña, S, et al
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2019;:162-169
Abstract
Obesity in adolescents is considered a major public health problem; combined interventional approaches such as omega-3 supplementation with lifestyle intervention (LI) might exert synergistic effects and exceed the impact of each individual strategy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if the supplementation of omega-3 with LI could improve metabolic and endothelial abnormality in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. The study involved sixty-nine adolescents with normal weight and seventy obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. All obese adolescents were applied to LI and randomly assigned to omega-3 supplementation or placebo group for 12 weeks. The obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia presented increased levels of leptin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), selectin E (sE) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and decreased levels of adiponectin compared with control subjects. After 12-week intervention, omega-3 supplementation with LI decreased significantly in triglycerides, HOMA, leptin, RBP4, ADMA and sE. Moreover, omega-3 with LI displayed a significant reduction in triglycerides, ADMA and sE in comparison with LI alone. In subjects with omega-3 combined with LI assessed by multivariate regression model, the reduction in triglycerides was the only independent determinant of the decrease in ADMA. The reductions in triglycerides and HOMA were significantly contributed to the changes in sE. Our data indicated that omega-3 combined with LI in short duration significantly improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abnormality of adipokines, endothelial dysfunction in comparison of LI alone, indicating the combined approach is an effective clinical and applicable strategy to control metabolic abnormality and decrease the risks of cardiovascular diseases in obese adolescents.