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1.
New insights into molecular pathways in colorectal cancer: Adiponectin, interleukin-6 and opioid signaling.
Świerczyński, M, Szymaszkiewicz, A, Fichna, J, Zielińska, M
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer. 2021;(1):188460
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cause of death among neoplasms around the world. The environmental factors, like diet and obesity, are crucial in CRC pathogenesis by creating cancer-favorable microenvironment and hormonal changes. Adiponectin, the adipose tissue-specific hormone, is generally considered to negatively correlate with CRC development. The interleukin 6 (IL-6) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokine connected with CRC, which is strongly inflammation-associated. The opioids are variable group substantially correlated with cancers - the endogenous opioids affect immune system and cell cycle including proliferation and cell death whereas exogenous opioids are leading clinically used analgesics in terminal cancer patients. In this review we discuss the involvement of adiponectin, IL-6 and opioids in CRC pathogenesis, their link with obesity, possible cross-talk and potential novel therapeutic approach in CRC treatment.
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2.
Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Function.
Gavin, KM, Bessesen, DH
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2020;(2):215-228
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Abstract
Regional adipose tissue distribution differs between men and women. Differences in the accumulation of adipose tissue as well as the regulation of secretion of a number of products from adipose tissue are under the control of sex steroids, which act through a wide variety of mechanisms, both direct and indirect, to tailor metabolism to the unique needs of each sex. A fuller understanding of sex-based differences in adipose tissue function may help with tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment and provide insights into fundamental differences in the processes that regulate nutrient homeostasis and body weight.
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The Emerging Role of Adiponectin in Female Malignancies.
Gelsomino, L, Naimo, GD, Catalano, S, Mauro, L, Andò, S
International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;(9)
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excess body weight, is now accepted as a hazardous health condition and an oncogenic factor. In different epidemiological studies obesity has been described as a risk factor in several malignancies. Some biological mechanisms that orchestrate obesity-cancer interaction have been discovered, although others are still not completely understood. The unbalanced secretion of biomolecules, called "adipokines", released by adipocytes strongly influences obesity-related cancer development. Among these adipokines, adiponectin exerts a critical role. Physiologically adiponectin governs glucose levels and lipid metabolism and is fundamental in the reproductive system. Low adiponectin circulating levels have been found in obese patients, in which its protective effects were lost. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro data in order to highlight how adiponectin may affect obesity-associated female cancers.
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Adiponectin-Consideration for its Role in Skeletal Muscle Health.
Krause, MP, Milne, KJ, Hawke, TJ
International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;(7)
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation, partly mediated by downstream effects of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle. More recently, skeletal muscle has been identified as a source of adiponectin expression, fueling interest in the role of adiponectin as both a circulating adipokine and a locally expressed paracrine/autocrine factor. In addition to being metabolically responsive, skeletal muscle functional capacity, calcium handling, growth and maintenance, regenerative capacity, and susceptibility to chronic inflammation are all strongly influenced by adiponectin stimulation. Furthermore, physical exercise has clear links to adiponectin expression and circulating concentrations in healthy and diseased populations. Greater physical activity is generally related to higher adiponectin expression while lower adiponectin levels are found in inactive obese, pre-diabetic, and diabetic populations. Exercise training typically restores plasma adiponectin and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. Thus, the role of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle has expanded beyond that of a metabolic regulator to include several aspects of skeletal muscle function and maintenance critical to muscle health, many of which are responsive to, and mediated by, physical exercise.
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[Adiponectin in patients with metabolic syndrome and diseases of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas].
Vašura, A, Blaho, M, Dítě, P, Kupka, T, Svoboda, P, Martínek, A
Vnitrni lekarstvi. 2018;(12):945-948
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that the metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed in up to 30 % of the population. Regarding 5 components of the metabolic syndrome, three of them, in case of positivity (visceral obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, changes of HDL-cholesterol levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus), are pathogenic factors which are the most frequently related to cardiovascular diseases, but currently they are also the focus of interest for gastroenterologists. The relationship between non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, has been described. Less is known so far about the relation to the pancreas disease, particularly with respect to the status referred to as non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease. The hormone selectively produced by adipose tissue is adiponectin. This protein is studied as a possible biomarker in people with metabolic syndrome, including obesity. Besides that, there is a question studied whether adiponectin can also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with fat building up in parenchymatous organs. Finding a reliable biomarker for patients with metabolic syndrome or diseases of the liver, biliary system and pancreas in relation to metabolic syndrome, presents a big challenge. And adiponectin is one of the promising biomarkers.Key words: adiponectin - biliary disease - metabolic syndrome - pancreatic steatosis - steatohepatitis.
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Adiponectin: A potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome.
Ghadge, AA, Khaire, AA, Kuvalekar, AA
Cytokine & growth factor reviews. 2018;:151-158
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipocytokine secreted chiefly by fat containing adipocytes, and plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Alterations in adiponectin levels have been shown to directly affect lipid and glucose metabolism that further increase the synthesis of lipids, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Changes in adiponectin levels also contribute to insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of adiponectin and its molecular mechanisms in metabolic syndrome. Clinical improvement in adiponectin levels have been shown to positively modulate lipid and glucose metabolism, thus further substantiating its role in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Currently adiponectin is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome, although more research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling adiponectin levels, including dietary and lifestyle interventions, that may target adiponectin as a therapeutic intervention in metabolic syndrome.
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Association of circulating resistin, leptin, adiponectin and visfatin levels with Behçet disease: a meta-analysis.
Lee, YH, Song, GG
Clinical and experimental dermatology. 2018;(5):536-545
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Adipokines are synthesized in adipose tissue, and have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including BD. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between circulating blood adipokine levels and BD. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of papers reporting on serum/plasma resistin, leptin, adiponectin and visfatin levels in patients with BD and in healthy controls (HCs). We identified 82 relevant studies using electronic and manual search methods, and selected 16 studies for full-text review based on the title and abstract. Two of these were later excluded (one was a review, one had no data), leaving 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. RESULTS The 14 included studies assessed 637 patients with BD and 520 HCs. Compared with the HCs, the BD group had significantly higher levels of leptin [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.68, 95% CI 0.15-1.21, P = 0.01]. Levels of resistin (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI 0.92-0.918, P = 0.02) and adiponectin (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI 0.06-0.56, P = 0.02) were significantly higher in the BD group after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), but not without such adjustment (resistin: (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.93, P = 0.19; adiponectin: SMD = -0.59, 95% CI -2.23 to 1.06, P = 0.48). A significantly lower visfatin level was found in the BD group with adjustment (SMD = -1.70, 95% CI -2.14 to -1.25, P < 0.001) but not without adjustment (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.82, P = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis revealed significantly higher circulating resistin, leptin and adiponectin levels and lower visfatin levels in patients with BD than in HCs, indicating that adipokines probably play an important role in BD pathogenesis.
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Circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels in rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with disease activity: A meta-analysis.
Lee, YH, Bae, SC
International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2018;(3):664-672
Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to establish a correlation between serum adipokine levels and RA activity. METHODS We conducted meta-analyses on serum/plasma adiponectin or visfatin levels in patients with RA and controls and correlation coefficients between circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels and Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) in RA patients. RESULTS Eleven studies comprising 813 RA patients and 684 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.529, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.354-2.704, P = 0.011). Circulating adiponectin level was not associated with RA activity based on DAS28 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (SMD = 2.575, 95% CI: = 0.963-4.189, P = 0.002). A trend of positive correlation among circulating visfatin levels and DAS28 and CRP levels was found (correlation coefficient = 0.416, 95% CI: = -0.917 to 0.795, P = 0.177; correlation coefficient = 0.366, 95% CI: = -0.074 to 0.687, P = 0.101, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that circulating adiponectin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls. Circulating visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls and a positive correlation between circulating visfatin level and RA activity is suggested.
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Roles of lipocalin 2 and adiponectin in iron overload cardiomyopathy.
Siri-Angkul, N, Chattipakorn, SC, Chattipakorn, N
Journal of cellular physiology. 2018;(7):5104-5111
Abstract
Thalassemia is among the most common genetic diseases worldwide. Ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolysis, and regular blood transfusion in thalassemia patients lead to increased iron burden. Iron overload cardiomyopathy is the most severe co-morbidity and most common cause of mortality in thalassemia patients. Although its associated mechanisms are still not completely understood, cellular iron mishandling, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress appear to be the key processes involved. In order to acquire a more comprehensive insight of the impact of cardiac iron overload, these alterations need to be intensively investigated. This comprehensive mini-review focuses on two emergent molecules which have been shown to potentially play significant roles in iron overload cardiomyopathy. These two molecules are an iron-transporting protein, lipocalin 2, and an anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin. Reports from in vitro and in vivo studies are comprehensively summarized. Clinical studies examining the roles of these molecules in thalassemia patients are also presented and discussed.
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10.
Adiponectin, lipids and atherosclerosis.
Katsiki, N, Mantzoros, C, Mikhailidis, DP
Current opinion in lipidology. 2017;(4):347-354
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, pro-angiogenic, vasoprotective and insulin-sensitizing properties. Several factors may influence adiponectin levels, such as genetic polymorphisms, obesity / body fat distribution, diet and exercise as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as sleep deprivation and smoking as well as medications. Adiponectin has been proposed as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS This narrative review discusses the associations of adiponectin with obesity-related metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperuricaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus). We also focus on the links between adiponectin and lipid disorders and with coronary heart disease and noncardiac vascular diseases (i.e. stroke, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, abdominal aortic aneurysms and chronic kidney disease). Further, the effects of lifestyle interventions and drug therapy on adiponectin levels are briefly reviewed. SUMMARY Based on available data, adiponectin represents a multifaceted biomarker that may beneficially affect atherosclerosis, inflammation and insulin resistance pathways. However, there are conflicting results with regard to the associations between adiponectin levels and the prevalence and outcomes of cardiometabolic diseases. Further research on the potential clinical implications of adiponectin in the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases is needed.