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Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Function.
Gavin, KM, Bessesen, DH
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2020;(2):215-228
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Abstract
Regional adipose tissue distribution differs between men and women. Differences in the accumulation of adipose tissue as well as the regulation of secretion of a number of products from adipose tissue are under the control of sex steroids, which act through a wide variety of mechanisms, both direct and indirect, to tailor metabolism to the unique needs of each sex. A fuller understanding of sex-based differences in adipose tissue function may help with tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment and provide insights into fundamental differences in the processes that regulate nutrient homeostasis and body weight.
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The Emerging Role of Adiponectin in Female Malignancies.
Gelsomino, L, Naimo, GD, Catalano, S, Mauro, L, Andò, S
International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;(9)
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excess body weight, is now accepted as a hazardous health condition and an oncogenic factor. In different epidemiological studies obesity has been described as a risk factor in several malignancies. Some biological mechanisms that orchestrate obesity-cancer interaction have been discovered, although others are still not completely understood. The unbalanced secretion of biomolecules, called "adipokines", released by adipocytes strongly influences obesity-related cancer development. Among these adipokines, adiponectin exerts a critical role. Physiologically adiponectin governs glucose levels and lipid metabolism and is fundamental in the reproductive system. Low adiponectin circulating levels have been found in obese patients, in which its protective effects were lost. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro data in order to highlight how adiponectin may affect obesity-associated female cancers.
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Adiponectin-Consideration for its Role in Skeletal Muscle Health.
Krause, MP, Milne, KJ, Hawke, TJ
International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;(7)
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation, partly mediated by downstream effects of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle. More recently, skeletal muscle has been identified as a source of adiponectin expression, fueling interest in the role of adiponectin as both a circulating adipokine and a locally expressed paracrine/autocrine factor. In addition to being metabolically responsive, skeletal muscle functional capacity, calcium handling, growth and maintenance, regenerative capacity, and susceptibility to chronic inflammation are all strongly influenced by adiponectin stimulation. Furthermore, physical exercise has clear links to adiponectin expression and circulating concentrations in healthy and diseased populations. Greater physical activity is generally related to higher adiponectin expression while lower adiponectin levels are found in inactive obese, pre-diabetic, and diabetic populations. Exercise training typically restores plasma adiponectin and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. Thus, the role of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle has expanded beyond that of a metabolic regulator to include several aspects of skeletal muscle function and maintenance critical to muscle health, many of which are responsive to, and mediated by, physical exercise.
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Circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels in rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with disease activity: A meta-analysis.
Lee, YH, Bae, SC
International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2018;(3):664-672
Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to establish a correlation between serum adipokine levels and RA activity. METHODS We conducted meta-analyses on serum/plasma adiponectin or visfatin levels in patients with RA and controls and correlation coefficients between circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels and Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) in RA patients. RESULTS Eleven studies comprising 813 RA patients and 684 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.529, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.354-2.704, P = 0.011). Circulating adiponectin level was not associated with RA activity based on DAS28 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (SMD = 2.575, 95% CI: = 0.963-4.189, P = 0.002). A trend of positive correlation among circulating visfatin levels and DAS28 and CRP levels was found (correlation coefficient = 0.416, 95% CI: = -0.917 to 0.795, P = 0.177; correlation coefficient = 0.366, 95% CI: = -0.074 to 0.687, P = 0.101, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that circulating adiponectin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls. Circulating visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls and a positive correlation between circulating visfatin level and RA activity is suggested.
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Association of circulating resistin, leptin, adiponectin and visfatin levels with Behçet disease: a meta-analysis.
Lee, YH, Song, GG
Clinical and experimental dermatology. 2018;(5):536-545
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Adipokines are synthesized in adipose tissue, and have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including BD. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between circulating blood adipokine levels and BD. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of papers reporting on serum/plasma resistin, leptin, adiponectin and visfatin levels in patients with BD and in healthy controls (HCs). We identified 82 relevant studies using electronic and manual search methods, and selected 16 studies for full-text review based on the title and abstract. Two of these were later excluded (one was a review, one had no data), leaving 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. RESULTS The 14 included studies assessed 637 patients with BD and 520 HCs. Compared with the HCs, the BD group had significantly higher levels of leptin [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.68, 95% CI 0.15-1.21, P = 0.01]. Levels of resistin (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI 0.92-0.918, P = 0.02) and adiponectin (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI 0.06-0.56, P = 0.02) were significantly higher in the BD group after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), but not without such adjustment (resistin: (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.93, P = 0.19; adiponectin: SMD = -0.59, 95% CI -2.23 to 1.06, P = 0.48). A significantly lower visfatin level was found in the BD group with adjustment (SMD = -1.70, 95% CI -2.14 to -1.25, P < 0.001) but not without adjustment (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.82, P = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis revealed significantly higher circulating resistin, leptin and adiponectin levels and lower visfatin levels in patients with BD than in HCs, indicating that adipokines probably play an important role in BD pathogenesis.
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Roles of lipocalin 2 and adiponectin in iron overload cardiomyopathy.
Siri-Angkul, N, Chattipakorn, SC, Chattipakorn, N
Journal of cellular physiology. 2018;(7):5104-5111
Abstract
Thalassemia is among the most common genetic diseases worldwide. Ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolysis, and regular blood transfusion in thalassemia patients lead to increased iron burden. Iron overload cardiomyopathy is the most severe co-morbidity and most common cause of mortality in thalassemia patients. Although its associated mechanisms are still not completely understood, cellular iron mishandling, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress appear to be the key processes involved. In order to acquire a more comprehensive insight of the impact of cardiac iron overload, these alterations need to be intensively investigated. This comprehensive mini-review focuses on two emergent molecules which have been shown to potentially play significant roles in iron overload cardiomyopathy. These two molecules are an iron-transporting protein, lipocalin 2, and an anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin. Reports from in vitro and in vivo studies are comprehensively summarized. Clinical studies examining the roles of these molecules in thalassemia patients are also presented and discussed.
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Adiponectin: A potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome.
Ghadge, AA, Khaire, AA, Kuvalekar, AA
Cytokine & growth factor reviews. 2018;:151-158
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipocytokine secreted chiefly by fat containing adipocytes, and plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Alterations in adiponectin levels have been shown to directly affect lipid and glucose metabolism that further increase the synthesis of lipids, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Changes in adiponectin levels also contribute to insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of adiponectin and its molecular mechanisms in metabolic syndrome. Clinical improvement in adiponectin levels have been shown to positively modulate lipid and glucose metabolism, thus further substantiating its role in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Currently adiponectin is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome, although more research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling adiponectin levels, including dietary and lifestyle interventions, that may target adiponectin as a therapeutic intervention in metabolic syndrome.
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[Adiponectin in patients with metabolic syndrome and diseases of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas].
Vašura, A, Blaho, M, Dítě, P, Kupka, T, Svoboda, P, Martínek, A
Vnitrni lekarstvi. 2018;(12):945-948
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that the metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed in up to 30 % of the population. Regarding 5 components of the metabolic syndrome, three of them, in case of positivity (visceral obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, changes of HDL-cholesterol levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus), are pathogenic factors which are the most frequently related to cardiovascular diseases, but currently they are also the focus of interest for gastroenterologists. The relationship between non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, has been described. Less is known so far about the relation to the pancreas disease, particularly with respect to the status referred to as non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease. The hormone selectively produced by adipose tissue is adiponectin. This protein is studied as a possible biomarker in people with metabolic syndrome, including obesity. Besides that, there is a question studied whether adiponectin can also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with fat building up in parenchymatous organs. Finding a reliable biomarker for patients with metabolic syndrome or diseases of the liver, biliary system and pancreas in relation to metabolic syndrome, presents a big challenge. And adiponectin is one of the promising biomarkers.Key words: adiponectin - biliary disease - metabolic syndrome - pancreatic steatosis - steatohepatitis.
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Effect of Green Tea on Plasma Adiponectin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.
Haghighatdoost, F, Nobakht M Gh, BF, Hariri, M
Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2017;(7):541-548
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of green tea on serum adiponectin concentration. METHOD We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and the Google Scholar databases up to November 2016. RCTs conducted among human adults studied the effects of green tea and green tea extract on serum adiponectin concentrations as an outcome variable was included. The weighted mean differences and standard deviations (SD) of change in serum adiponectin levels were calculated. The random effects model was used for deriving a summary of mean estimates with their corresponding SDs. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42017057716). RESULT Fourteen RCTs were eligible to be included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis. Our analysis showed that green tea did not significantly affect adiponectin concentrations in comparison with placebo (weighted mean difference = -0.02 µg/ml, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.41, 0.38; p = 0.936). There was a substantial heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 91.7%; p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses based on sex, type of intervention, continent, and body mass index (BMI) could not explain the sources of heterogeneity. Metaregression analyses revealed that the dose and duration of green tea ingestion did not have any effect on adiponectin concentrations. CONCLUSION Green tea could not change the circulatory adiponectin levels. The dose and duration of green tea could not change the result. RCTs with longer follow-up periods and higher doses are needed to replicate our results.
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Serum content of total adipionectin in the ChNPP accident clean up workers of the «iodine period» suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (literature review and research data).
Dombrovska, NS, Pleskach, OY
Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii. 2017;:353-371
Abstract
OBJECTIVE assay of the total adiponectin level in the ChNPP accident clean up workers (ACUW) of the «iodine peri od» exposed to ionizing radiation in a young age and suffering now from type 2 diabetes mellitusMaterials and methods. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident clean up workers (ACUW) of the iodine period (n=111) exposed to ionizing radiation at a young age (18-35 years) were examined in two groups: Group I (main study group, n=66) of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and Group II (comparison group, n=45) of persons with normal glucose challenge test results. Total radiation doses varied in the range of 10.0-860.0 mSv. Group III (nosological control group, n=20) included persons suffering type 2 DM but not exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) and Group IV were apparently healthy. All study groups were representative by the age. Anthropometric data and parameters of glycemic control were assayed. Index of the homeostatic model for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was calculated. Level of total adiponectin was assayed by the immune enzyme method. Statistical pro cessing of the data was carried out using Missrosoft® Exxel 2002 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Serum concentration of total adiponectin in the Chornobyl NPP ACUW of the iodine peri od and suffering type 2 DM despite having normal body weight or overweight or any degree of obesity was signifi cantly lower compared to apparently healthy persons ACUW with and normal glycemic control. Moderate negative correlation was found between the level of total adiponectin and degree of obesity in the ACUW suffering type 2 DM (t = 0.367, p <0.05). With an increase in the duration of the disease there was a decrease in serum concentration of total adiponectin in the Chornobyl NPP ACUW of iodine period suffering type 2 DM and in the group of nosologi cal control. The most favorable type of glycemic profile was peculiar for patients in the main group with higher lev els of total serum adiponectin and the lowest body mass index (up to 25 kg/m2). An increase in the body mass index was accompanied by an adverse combination of abnormalities in glycemic metabolism (increased glucose concen tration, IRI, and HbA1c), insulin resistance (a significant increase in HOMA) against the background of a decrease in concentration of total adiponectin. No significant differences were found in adiponectin levels in dose subgroups. At the same time, the reliable differences between the main group and comparison group were found in the 2-5th dose subgroups, which are due to differences in numbers of people with metabolic syndrome (obesity) in the groups.