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1.
The effect of metformin and myoinositol on metabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: role of body mass and adiponectin in a randomized controlled trial.
Soldat-Stanković, V, Popović-Pejičić, S, Stanković, S, Prtina, A, Malešević, G, Bjekić-Macut, J, Livadas, S, Ognjanović, S, Mastorakos, G, Micić, D, et al
Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2022;(3):583-595
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of insulin sensitizers metformin (MET) and myo-inositol (MI) on adiponectin levels and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with respect to their body mass index (BMI). METHODS In this open label, parallel randomized clinical trial, 66 women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of adiponectin, hormonal and metabolic laboratory outcomes and clinical assessment of BMI, body composition and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FG score) were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS After the 6-month intervention, comparison between MET and MI in time to treatment analysis showed no significant differences between the two treatments for all analyzed parameters. Only borderline significantly lower AUC glucose was found in the MET group in comparison to the MI group (p = 0.071). The main effect of treatment was shown for glucose concentration at 120 min OGTT (p = 0.032) and testosterone (p = 0.002). The main effect of time was shown for body mass (p = 0.004), waist circumference (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), body fat mass (p = 0.001), adiponectin (p = 0.020), fasting glucose (p = 0.001), testosterone (p = 0.015), SHBG (p = 0.013), 17OH progesterone (p = 0.008), LH (p = 0.004) and estradiol (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Our study showed similar effects of MET and MI on BMI, body composition, hormonal profile, metabolism of glucose and insulin, and adiponectin level. The two insulin sensitizers, MET and MI, were useful in reducing BMI and improving body composition without significant differences between the two treatments in PCOS women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN13199265. Trial registration date: 14.04.2021. (ISRCTN Registry), retrospectively registered.
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2.
Dietary Intervention during 9 Months with a Hypocaloric Diet, Interaction of the Genetic Variant of Adiponectin Gene rs822393 with Metabolic Parameters.
Izaola, O, Primo, D, de Luis, D
Disease markers. 2022;:7058389
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS rs822393 (-4522C/T) genetic variant is associated with hypoadiponectinemia and other metabolic parameters. The aim of our investigation was to analyze the effects of a hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean dietary pattern during 9 months according to genetic variant rs822393 of ADIPOQ gene. METHODS AND RESULTS A sample of 269 obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, and adipokines) were determined, at basal time and after 3 and 9 months. All patients were genotyped in the rs822393. The genotype distribution was as follow; 176 patients (65.4%) CC, 83 patients CT (30.9%), and 10 patients TT (3.7%). After dietary intervention, the following parameters improved in non-T allele carriers; BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, leptin, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol improved significantly. HDL-cholesterol (delta: 5.7 ± 1.1 mg/dl vs. 1.0 ± 0.8 mg/dl; p = 0.01), serum adiponectin (delta: 14.4 ± 2.0 ng/dl vs. 7.1 ± 3.1 ng/dl; p = 0.02), and adiponectin/leptin ratio (delta: 0.54 ± 0.1 vs. 0.22 ± 0.09 ng/dl; p = 0.03). Basal and postintervention HDL cholesterol, adiponectin levels, and adiponectin/leptin levels were lower in T-allele carriers than non-T Allele carriers. CONCLUSION T allele carriers showed lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio than non-T allele carriers. A medium-term hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean partner increased adiponectin levels, ratio adiponectin/leptin, and HDL-cholesterol in non-T allele carriers.
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3.
The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Varkaneh Kord, H, M Tinsley, G, O Santos, H, Zand, H, Nazary, A, Fatahi, S, Mokhtari, Z, Salehi-Sahlabadi, A, Tan, SC, Rahmani, J, et al
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2021;(4):1811-1821
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fasting and energy-restricted diets have been evaluated in several studies as a means of improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to body fat loss. However, further investigation is required to understand potential alterations of leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimate of the influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans, as well as to detect potential sources of heterogeneity in the available literature. METHODS A comprehensive systematic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, SCOPUS and Embase from inception until June 2019. All clinical trials investigating the effects of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin in adults were included. RESULTS Twelve studies containing 17 arms and a total of 495 individuals (intervention = 249, control = 246) reported changes in serum leptin concentrations, and 10 studies containing 12 arms with a total of 438 individuals (intervention = 222, control = 216) reported changes in serum adiponectin concentrations. The combined effect sizes suggested a significant effect of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin concentrations (WMD: -3.690 ng/ml, 95% CI: -5.190, -2.190, p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 84.9%). However, no significant effect of fasting and energy-restricted diets on adiponectin concentrations was found (WMD: -159.520 ng/ml, 95% CI: -689.491, 370.451, p = 0.555; I2 = 74.2%). Stratified analyses showed that energy-restricted regimens significantly increased adiponectin (WMD: 554.129 ng/ml, 95% CI: 150.295, 957.964; I2 = 0.0%). In addition, subsequent subgroup analyses revealed that energy restriction, to ≤50% normal required daily energy intake, resulted in significantly reduced concentrations of leptin (WMD: -4.199 ng/ml, 95% CI: -7.279, -1.118; I2 = 83.9%) and significantly increased concentrations of adiponectin (WMD: 524.04 ng/ml, 95% CI: 115.618, 932.469: I2 = 0.0%). CONCLUSION Fasting and energy-restricted diets elicit significant reductions in serum leptin concentrations. Increases in adiponectin may also be observed when energy intake is ≤50% of normal requirements, although limited data preclude definitive conclusions on this point.
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4.
Regulation of circulating CTRP-2/CTRP-9 and GDF-8/GDF-15 by intralipids and insulin in healthy control and polycystic ovary syndrome women following chronic exercise training.
Jerobin, J, Ramanjaneya, M, Bettahi, I, Parammal, R, Siveen, KS, Alkasem, M, Aye, M, Sathyapalan, T, Skarulis, M, Atkin, SL, et al
Lipids in health and disease. 2021;(1):34
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. The circulating C1Q/TNF-related proteins (CTRP-2, CTRP-9) and growth differentiation factors (GDF-8, GDF-15) contribute to glucose and lipid homeostasis. The effects of intralipids and insulin infusion on CTRP-2, CTRP-9, GDF-8 and GDF-15 in PCOS and control subjects before and after chronic exercise training were examined. METHODS Ten PCOS and nine healthy subjects were studied at baseline status and after moderate-intensity chronic exercise training (1 h exercise, 3 times per week, 8 weeks). All participants were infused with 1.5 mL/min of saline or intralipids (20%) for 5 h, and during the last 2 h of saline or intralipids infusion hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HIEC) was performed. CTRP-2, CTRP-9, GDF-8 and GDF-15 levels were measured at 0, 3 and 5 h. RESULTS Intralipids dramatically increased CTRP-2 levels in PCOS (P = 0.02) and control (P = 0.004) subjects, which was not affected by insulin infusion or by exercise. Intralipids alone had no effects on CTRP-9, GDF-8, or GDF-15. Insulin increased the levels of GDF-15 in control subjects (P = 0.05) during the saline study and in PCOS subjects (P = 0.04) during the intralipid infusion. Insulin suppressed CTRP9 levels during the intralipid study in both PCOS (P = 0.04) and control (P = 0.01) subjects. Exercise significantly reduced fasting GDF-8 levels in PCOS (P = 0.03) and control (P = 0.04) subjects; however, intralipids infusion after chronic exercise training increased GDF-8 levels in both PCOS (P = 0.003) and control (P = 0.05) subjects and insulin infusion during intralipid infusion reduced the rise of GDF-8 levels. CONCLUSION This study showed that exogenous lipids modulate CTRP-2, which might have a physiological role in lipid metabolism. Since chronic exercise training reduced fasting GDF-8 levels; GDF-8 might have a role in humoral adaptation to exercise. GDF-15 and CTRP-9 levels are responsive to insulin, and thus they may play a role in insulin responses.
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5.
Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, and liver enzyme levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
Chen, H, Jin, Z, Sun, C, Santos, HO, Kord Varkaneh, H
International journal of clinical practice. 2021;(11):e14698
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation has been investigated in patients with altered cortisol levels and is proposed to ameliorate the metabolic profile related to adipose tissue. However, further research is warranted and evidence is no compelling for liver safety. Hence, we aimed to meta-analyse the effects of DHEA supplementation on circulating levels of cortisol, liver enzymes, and adipokines. METHODS We searched literature published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus, until December 2020. We obtained overall results using the generic inverse of variance method with a random-effects model. RESULTS Through 10 arms, serum cortisol levels decreased significantly after DHEA supplementation [weighted mean difference (WMD): -53.581 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): -88.2, -18.9, P = .002], without significant heterogeneity (I2 = 36%, P = .117). In contrast, any significance was noted for adiponectin (WMD: -0.045 µg/mL, 95% CI: -0.56, 0.47; P = .865), leptin (WMD: -2.55 µg/mL, 95% CI: -6.2, 1.06; P = .166), aspartate transaminase (AST) (WMD: -3.7 U/L, 95% CI: -10.35, 2.95; P = .276), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: -1.7 U/L, 95% CI: -3.45, 0.06; P = .058). CONCLUSION DHEA supplementation decreased circulating cortisol but did not alter adiponectin, leptin, AST, and ALT levels. Hence, DHEA supplementation could be considered as an adjunct in the management of hypercortisolaemia and is safe for the liver.
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6.
Adiponectin/leptin ratio increases after a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, and exercise training in healthy individuals: A non-randomized, parallel design study.
Cipryan, L, Dostal, T, Plews, DJ, Hofmann, P, Laursen, PB
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.). 2021;:22-30
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat (VLCHF) diet and exercise on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy individuals. Since the anti-inflammatory effects of a ketogenic diet have been established, we hypothesized that the VLCHF diet, along with exercise, would have an additional favorable effect on biomarkers of inflammation. Twenty-four healthy individuals were allocated to the VLCHF diet (VLCHF N = 12, age 25.3 ± 2.0 years, body mass 66.7 ± 9.8 kg, fat mass 21.5% ± 4.9%), or habitual diet (HD: N = 12, age 23.9 ± 3.8 years, body mass 72.7 ± 15.0 kg, fat mass 23.4 ± 8.4 %) group. Biomarkers of inflammation (adiponectin, leptin, and high-sensitive interleukin-6 [hs-IL-6]) and substrate metabolism (glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, triacylglycerides, and cholesterol) were analyzed from blood at baseline and after 12 weeks. The adiponectin-leptin ratio significantly increased in the VLCHF group after the intervention period (ES [95% CL]: -0.90 [-0.96, -0.77], P ≤ .001, BF10 = 22.15). The adiponectin-leptin ratio changes were associated with both a significant increase in adiponectin (-0.79 [-0.91, -0.54], P ≤ .001, BF10 = 9.43) and a significant decrease in leptin (0.58 [0.19, 0.81], P = .014, BF10 = 2.70). There was moderate evidence of changes in total cholesterol (-1.15 [-2.01, -0.27], P = .010, BF10 = 5.20), and LDL cholesterol (-1.12 [-2.01, -0.21], P = .016, BF10 = 4.56) in the VLCHF group. Body weight (kg) and fat mass (%) decreased in the VLCHF group by 5.4% and 14.9%, respectively. We found that in healthy young individuals, consuming a VLCHF diet while performing regular exercise over a 12-week period produced favorable changes in body weight and fat mass along with beneficial changes in serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations. These data support the use of a VLCHF diet strategy for the primary prevention of chronic diseases associated with systemic low-grade inflammation.
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7.
Effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum adiponectin and inflammation status of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Raji Lahiji, M, Zarrati, M, Najafi, S, Yazdani, B, Cheshmazar, E, Razmpoosh, E, Janani, L, Raji Lahiji, M, Shidfar, F
Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021;(7):4147-4157
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipokines and inflammatory factors can affect breast cancer (BC) prognosis and recurrence among breast cancer survivors (BCSs). This study was to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation along with a low-calorie diet on some recurrence-related factors such as adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) among obese and overweight BCSs. METHODS We performed a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among 76 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with a history of hormone-receptor-positive BC. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups to intake either 109 CFU/day synbiotic supplement or placebo (n = 38 each group) for 8 weeks. All participants were given a low-calorie diet program. The primary outcome was serum concentration of adiponectin which was measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS Compared with the placebo, synbiotic intake significantly increased adiponectin (+ 13.58 (10.08, 18.17) vs. - 0.42 (- 2.90, 1.98) μg/ml; P < 0.001). In addition, synbiotic supplementation resulted in significant reduction in TNF-α levels (- 17.09 (- 32.05, - 13.60) vs. 0.20 (- 3.97, 2.00) ng/L; P < 0.001) and hs-CRP levels (- 1.14 (- 1.90, - 0.88 vs. - 0.06 (- 0.38, 0.15) mg/L; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 8-week synbiotic consumption by overweight and obese postmenopausal BCSs had beneficial effects on adiponectin, TNF-α, and hs-CRP. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT, IRCT20091114002709N49. Registered 18 May 2018, http://www.irct.ir : IRCT20091114002709N49.
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8.
Adipose Insulin Resistance and Decreased Adiponectin Are Correlated With Metabolic Abnormalities in Nonobese Men.
Kiya, M, Tamura, Y, Takeno, K, Someya, Y, Kakehi, S, Sato, M, Yamasaki, N, Kadowaki, S, Suzuki, R, Furukawa, Y, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2021;(5):e2228-e2238
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by decreased adiponectin (AN) levels and impaired adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (ATIS) and is associated with metabolic disorders. While Asians readily develop metabolic disease without obesity, it remains unclear how decreased AN level and impaired ATIS affect metabolic abnormalities in nonobese Asians. DESIGN AND SETTING To investigate the relationships between decreased AN level, impaired ATIS, and metabolic abnormalities, we studied 94 Japanese men whose body mass index was less than 25 kg/m2. We divided the subjects into 4 groups based on their median AN level and ATIS, the latter calculated as the degree of insulin-mediated suppression of free fatty acids during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and compared the metabolic parameters in the 4 groups. RESULTS The High-ATIS/High-AN group (n = 29) showed similar anthropometric data to the High-ATIS/Low-AN group (n = 18). In contrast, both the Low-ATIS/High-AN (n = 18) and Low-ATIS/Low-AN (n = 29) groups showed significantly lower muscle insulin sensitivity than the High-ATIS groups. The intrahepatic lipid level in the Low-ATIS/Low-AN group was significantly higher than that in the High-ATIS groups. In addition, the Low-ATIS/Low-AN group had a significantly higher fasting serum triglyceride level and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the other 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS In nonobese Japanese men with high ATIS, the AN level was not associated with metabolic characteristics. On the other hand, subjects with low ATIS showed reduced muscle insulin sensitivity, and those with a decreased AN level demonstrated multiple metabolic abnormalities, represented by fatty liver and dyslipidemia.
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9.
Altered Adiponectin Response in Older Women Following Dextrose and High-Fat Dietary Challenges.
Herpich, C, Kochlik, B, Haß, U, Weber, D, Grune, T, Norman, K
Molecular nutrition & food research. 2021;(17):e2100487
Abstract
SCOPE Despite its beneficial properties, higher adiponectin concentrations are paradoxically associated with mortality in advanced age. Several mechanisms are being discussed. However, little is known about postprandial regulation of adiponectin in older adults. We assessed age-specific differences of the adiponectin response to different test meals considering potential determinants. METHODS AND RESULTS Older (n = 20) and younger (n = 22) women are randomized to a dextrose (DEX) or high-fat (HF) dietary challenge. Postprandial adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations are measured before and 60, 120, 240 min after ingestion. We assessed postprandial changes and group differences using linear mixed models controlled for possible determinants. In younger women, postprandial adiponectin remains stable after both test meals. In contrast, adiponectin increases following DEX and decreases after HF in older women, irrespective of control variables. Postprandial adiponectin is positively associated with malondialdehyde and inversely associated with interleukin-6 following DEX and also negatively associated with metabolic parameters after both test meals. In older women, elevated postprandial FGF21 concentrations are associated with a higher adiponectin response (β = 30.7, 95% CI 10.6-50.8, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin response is associated with type of dietary challenge, age, and FGF21 response. Age-group differences are partly attributable to metabolic parameters and oxidative stress.
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10.
Dietary quality score is positively associated with serum adiponectin level in Indonesian preschool-age children living in the urban area of Jakarta.
Hayuningtyas, A, Dewi, YA, Octavia, L, Pulungan, A, Agustina, R
PloS one. 2021;(2):e0246234
Abstract
An unhealthy diet during childhood directly impacts the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) later on in life. However, well-documented information on this issue is lacking. We investigated the dietary quality of young Indonesian children and assessed the relationship to serum adiponectin levels as an early marker of NCDs. Eighty-five (44 girls and 41 boys) Indonesian preschool-age children in East Jakarta were included in this study. Dietary intake data were gathered by collecting repeated 24-hour recalls for one weekday and one day during the weekend, which were then further converted into participants' Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 scores. Meanwhile, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the serum adiponectin level. A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the HEI 2015 score and serum adiponectin, adjusting for potential confounders. The mean HEI 2015 score was 33.2 ± 8.3 points, which was far below the recommended score of ≥ 80 points, while the mean serum adiponectin was 10.3 ± 4.1 μg/mL. Multiple linear regression testing showed that a one-point increase in the HEI 2015 score was significantly associated with an increase in the serum adiponectin level by 0.115 μg/mL after adjusting for exclusive breastfeeding history (β = 0.115; 95% CI = 0.010-0.221; p = 0.032). In conclusion, better adherence of young children to a healthy diet has a positive association with their adiponectin level. This result suggests that strengthening children's dietary quality from an early age by involving all parties in the children's environment (e.g., parents, teachers at school, policymakers) may help to reduce the risk of NCDs later on in childhood and during adult life.