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1.
High Body Mass Index and Central Adiposity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis.
Aune, D, Mahamat-Saleh, Y, Norat, T, Riboli, E
Digestive diseases and sciences. 2021;(4):1249-1267
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher body mass index and waist circumference have been associated with increased risk of pancreatitis in several prospective studies; however, the results have not been entirely consistent. AIMS We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies on adiposity and risk of pancreatitis to clarify this association. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies on adiposity and pancreatitis up to January 27, 2020. Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between adiposity and risk of pancreatitis were included, and summary RRs (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. RESULTS Ten prospective studies with 5129 cases and 1,693,657 participants were included. The summary RR (95% CI) of acute pancreatitis was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03-1.35, I2 = 91%, n = 10 studies) per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29-1.43, I2 = 0%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference. There was evidence of a nonlinear association between BMI and acute pancreatitis, pnonlinearity < 0.0001, with a steeper association at higher levels of BMI, but not for waist circumference, pnonlinearity = 0.19. Comparing a BMI of 35 with a BMI of 22, there was a 58% increase in the RR and there was a fourfold increase in the RR comparing a waist circumference of 110 cm with 69 cm. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that both increasing BMI and waist circumference are associated with a dose-response-related increase in the risk of acute pancreatitis.
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Unravelling the association between accelerometer-derived physical activity and adiposity among preschool children: A systematic review and meta-analyses.
Wiersma, R, Haverkamp, BF, van Beek, JH, Riemersma, AMJ, Boezen, HM, Smidt, N, Corpeleijn, E, Hartman, E
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2020;(2):e12936
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Abstract
Evidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in young children is inconclusive. A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to examine associations between accelerometer-derived PA and varying adiposity outcomes in preschool children. Searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify studies on the association between total PA, sedentary behaviour or different PA intensities and adiposity in children aged 2 to 7 years. Separate random effects meta-analyses were performed for varying PA intensities and adiposity outcomes. Fifty-six articles were included in the review and 48 in the meta-analyses. There was substantial evidence of an inverse association between moderate-to-vigorous- or vigorous PA and body fat percentage (stdβ [SE] = -0.162[0.041]; 5 studies), weight status (r = -0.120, P<.001; 11 studies), fat mass (stdβ [SE] = -0.103[0.051]; 5 studies), fat mass index (stdβ [SE] = -0.121[0.036]; 2 studies) and skinfold thickness (stdβ [SE] = -0.145[0.036]; 4 studies). However, total PA, sedentary behaviour, and different PA intensities were not associated with body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. Adiposity levels were lower among preschool children engaged in more (moderate-to-) vigorous PA compared with their peers, but no associations between PA and BMI or waist circumference were found.
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Resveratrol supplementation significantly influences obesity measures: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Mousavi, SM, Milajerdi, A, Sheikhi, A, Kord-Varkaneh, H, Feinle-Bisset, C, Larijani, B, Esmaillzadeh, A
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2019;(3):487-498
Abstract
This study aimed to summarize earlier randomized controlled trials on the effects of resveratrol supplementation on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat mass (FM). We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from inception to April 2018 using relevant keywords. All clinical trials investigating the effects of resveratrol supplementation on BW, BMI, WC and FM in adults were included. Overall, 28 trials were included. Pooled effect sizes suggested a significant effect of resveratrol administration on weight (weighted mean differences [WMD]: -0.51 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.94 to -0.09; I2 = 50.3%, P = 0.02), BMI (WMD: -0.17 kg m-2 , 95% CI: -0.32, -0.03; I2 = 49.6%, P = 0.02) and WC (WMD: -0.79 cm, 95% CI: -1.39, -0.2; I2 = 13.4%, P = 0.009), respectively. However, no significant effect of resveratrol supplementation on FM was found (WMD: -0.36%, 95% CI: -0.88, 0.15; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.16). Findings from subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in BW and BMI in trials using resveratrol at the dosage of <500 mg d-1 , those with long-term interventions (≥3 month), and performed on people with obesity. Taken together, the data suggest that resveratrol supplementation has beneficial effects to reduce BW, BMI and WC, but not FM.
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Rapid weight gain during infancy and subsequent adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence.
Zheng, M, Lamb, KE, Grimes, C, Laws, R, Bolton, K, Ong, KK, Campbell, K
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2018;(3):321-332
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Abstract
The contribution of rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy to later adiposity has received considerable investigation. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update the literature on association between RWG and subsequent adiposity outcomes. Electronic searches were undertaken in EMBASE, MEDLINE, psycINFO, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Studies that examined the associations between RWG (a change in weight z-scores > 0.67) during infancy (from birth to age 2 years) and subsequent adiposity outcomes were included. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the weighted-pooled estimates of the odds of overweight/obesity for those with RWG. Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion with the majority of studies (15/17) being of high/acceptable quality and reporting positive associations between RWG during infancy and later adiposity outcomes. RWG in infancy was associated with overweight/obesity from childhood to adulthood (pooled odds ratio = 3.66, 95% confidence interval: 2.59-5.17, I2 > 75%). Subgroup analyses revealed that RWG during infancy was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity in childhood than in adulthood, and RWG from birth to 1 year was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity than RWG from birth to 2 years. The present study supports that RWG during infancy is a significant predictor of adiposity in later life.
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Prenatal vitamin D status and offspring's growth, adiposity and metabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Santamaria, C, Bi, WG, Leduc, L, Tabatabaei, N, Jantchou, P, Luo, ZC, Audibert, F, Nuyt, AM, Wei, SQ
The British journal of nutrition. 2018;(3):310-319
Abstract
In this systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, we aimed to estimate the associations between prenatal vitamin D status and offspring growth, adiposity and metabolic health. We searched the literature in human studies on prenatal vitamin D status and offspring growth in PubMed, up to July 2017. Studies were selected according to their methodological quality and outcomes of interest (anthropometry, fat mass and diabetes in offspring). The inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled mean difference (MD) with 95 % CI for continuous outcomes, and the Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the pooled OR with 95 % CI for dichotomous outcomes. In all, thirty observational studies involving 35 032 mother-offspring pairs were included. Vitamin D status was evaluated by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level. Low vitamin D status was based on each study's cut-off for low 25(OH)D levels. Low prenatal vitamin D levels were associated with lower birth weight (g) (MD -100·69; 95 % CI -162·25, -39·13), increased risk of small-for-gestational-age (OR 1·55; 95 % CI 1·16, 2·07) and an elevated weight (g) in infant at the age of 9 months (g) (MD 119·75; 95 % CI 32·97, 206·52). No associations were observed between prenatal vitamin D status and other growth parameters at birth, age 1 year, 4-6 years or 9 years, nor with diabetes type 1. Prenatal vitamin D may play a role in infant adiposity and accelerated postnatal growth. The effects of prenatal vitamin D on long-term metabolic health outcomes in children warrant future studies.
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Effect of pasta in the context of low-glycaemic index dietary patterns on body weight and markers of adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in adults.
Chiavaroli, L, Kendall, CWC, Braunstein, CR, Blanco Mejia, S, Leiter, LA, Jenkins, DJA, Sievenpiper, JL
BMJ open. 2018;(3):e019438
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbohydrate staples such as pasta have been implicated in the obesity epidemic. It is unclear whether pasta contributes to weight gain or like other low-glycaemic index (GI) foods contributes to weight loss. We synthesised the evidence of the effect of pasta on measures of adiposity. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched through 7 February 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES We included randomised controlled trials ≥3 weeks assessing the effect of pasta alone or in the context of low-GI dietary patterns on measures of global (body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat) and regional (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD)) adiposity in adults. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). GRADE assessed the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS We identified no trial comparisons of the effect of pasta alone and 32 trial comparisons (n=2448 participants) of the effect of pasta in the context of low-GI dietary patterns. Pasta in the context of low-GI dietary patterns significantly reduced body weight (MD=-0.63 kg; 95% CI -0.84 to -0.42 kg) and BMI (MD=-0.26 kg/m2; 95% CI -0.36 to -0.16 kg/m2) compared with higher-GI dietary patterns. There was no effect on other measures of adiposity. The certainty of the evidence was graded as moderate for body weight, BMI, WHR and SAD and low for WC and body fat. CONCLUSIONS Pasta in the context of low-GI dietary patterns does not adversely affect adiposity and even reduces body weight and BMI compared with higher-GI dietary patterns. Future trials should assess the effect of pasta in the context of other 'healthy' dietary patterns. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02961088; Results.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity.
Keating, SE, Johnson, NA, Mielke, GI, Coombes, JS
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2017;(8):943-964
Abstract
Interval training (including high-intensity interval training [HIIT] and sprint interval training [SIT]) is promoted in both scientific and lay media as being a superior and time-efficient method for fat loss compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). We evaluated the efficacy of HIIT/SIT when directly compared with MICT for the modulation of body adiposity. Databases were searched to 31 August 2016 for studies with exercise training interventions with minimum 4-week duration. Meta-analyses were conducted for within-group and between-group comparisons for total body fat percentage (%) and fat mass (kg). To investigate heterogeneity, we conducted sensitivity and meta-regression analyses. Of the 6,074 studies netted, 31 were included. Within-group analyses demonstrated reductions in total body fat (%) (HIIT/SIT: -1.26 [95% CI: -1.80; -0.72] and MICT -1.48 [95% CI: -1.89; -1.06]) and fat mass (kg) (HIIT/SIT: -1.38 [95% CI: -1.99; -0.77] and MICT -0.91 [95% CI: -1.45; -0.37]). There were no differences between HIIT/SIT and MICT for any body fat outcome. Analyses comparing MICT with HIIT/SIT protocols of lower time commitment and/or energy expenditure tended to favour MICT for total body fat reduction (p = 0.09). HIIT/SIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for body fat reduction, although not necessarily in a more time-efficient manner. However, neither short-term HIIT/SIT nor MICT produced clinically meaningful reductions in body fat.
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Association between fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 A/T polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu, AL, Xie, HJ, Xie, HY, Liu, J, Yin, J, Hu, JS, Peng, CY
BMC medical genetics. 2017;(1):89
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, numerous case-control studies have reported the associations between fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 A/T polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, without a consistent result. Hence we performed current systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the controversial results. METHODS Case-control studies reporting the relationship of rs9939609 A/T polymorphism and PCOS published before April 2015 were searched in Pubmed database without language restriction. Data was analyzed by Review Manager 5.2. RESULTS A total of five studies involving 5010 PCOS patients and 5300 controls were included for further meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that the FTO gene rs9939609 A/T polymorphism was significantly different between PCOS group and control group in different gene models (For AA + AT vs. TT: OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.28-1.55, P < 0.00001. For AA vs. AT + TT: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.25-1.89, P < 0.0001. For AA vs. TT: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.38-2.18, P < 0.00001. For A vs. T: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.25-1.47, P < 0.00001, respectively) suggesting that A allele was a risk factor for PCOS susceptibility. Furthermore, subgroup analysis in Asian and Caucasian ethnicities also found significant association between rs9939609 A/T polymorphism and PCOS (In Asian subgroup: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.29-1.59, P < 0.0001. In Caucasian subgroup: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.08-1.64, P = 0.008) CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that rs9939609 A/T polymorphism of FTO gene is associated with PCOS risk, and that A allele is a risk factor for PCOS susceptibility simultaneously.
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[Effects of green tea and its epigallocatechin (EGCG) content on body weight and fat mass in humans: a systematic review].
Vázquez Cisneros, LC, López-Uriarte, P, López-Espinoza, A, Navarro Meza, M, Espinoza-Gallardo, AC, Guzmán Aburto, MB
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2017;(3):731-737
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity worldwide continues to increase, as well as diseases related to these conditions. This is attributed to an increase in energy intake and a decrease in energy expenditure. Consumption of green tea has been linked to a reduction in body fat and body weight. However, research on green tea has been very diverse. This review assesses the investigations that have been made with green tea and its epigallocatechin gallato (EGCG) content, evaluating its effect on body fat and body weight in humans. A search was made in the PubMed and Web of the Science databases that gave a first total result of 424 potential articles; 409 were excluded and 15 articles were used for this systematic review. Research has been very varied, however, daily consumption of green tea with doses of EGCG between 100 and 460 mg/day has shown greater effectiveness on body fat and body weight reduction in intervention periods of 12 weeks or more. In addition, the use of caffeine doses between 80 and 300 mg/day has been shown to be an important factor for this effects, when the participants did not have a high caffeine intake (> 300 mg/day) prior to the intervention.
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Reallocating sedentary time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity but not to light-intensity physical activity is effective to reduce adiposity among youths: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
García-Hermoso, A, Saavedra, JM, Ramírez-Vélez, R, Ekelund, U, Del Pozo-Cruz, B
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2017;(9):1088-1095
Abstract
The aim of the study was to summarize the evidence of the effects of reallocating time spent in sedentary behaviours in different activity intensities on youth's adiposity. Five databases were searched. Studies that reported the effects of replacing sedentary behaviour with light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and/or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on at least one adiposity parameter. The estimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were combined and meta-analysed. Data from 7,351 youths and five studies were analysed. Pooled analysis from cross-sectional studies shows that replacing sedentary time with LIPA showed no significant associations with any adiposity-related outcomes. Replacing sedentary time with MVPA was statistically associated with total body fat percentage (β = -2.512; p = 0.003), but not with body mass index or waist circumference. In subgroup analysis, the greatest magnitude of association was observed from studies where 60 min of sedentary behaviour was reallocated to 60 min of MVPA (β = -4.535; p < 0.001). Our results highlight the importance of promoting MVPA, which may improve body composition phenotypes in young people. This information can be used to develop more effective lifestyle interventions.