0
selected
-
1.
Oral lactate slows gastric emptying and suppresses appetite in young males.
Pedersen, MGB, Søndergaard, E, Nielsen, CB, Johannsen, M, Gormsen, LC, Møller, N, Jessen, N, Rittig, N
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2022;(2):517-525
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate serves as an alternative energy fuel but is also an important signaling metabolite. We aimed to investigate whether oral lactate administration affects appetite-regulating hormones, slows gastric emptying rate, and dampens appetite. METHODS Ten healthy male volunteers were investigated on two separate occasions: 1) following oral ingestion of D/L-Na-lactate and 2) following oral ingestion of isotonic iso-voluminous NaCl and intravenous iso-lactemic D/L-Na-lactate infusions. Appetite was evaluated by questionnaires and ad libitum meal tests were performed at the end of each study day. Gastric emptying rate was evaluated using the acetaminophen test. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of growth differential factor 15 (GDF15, primary outcome) increased following oral and iv administration of lactate (p < 0.001) with no detectable difference between interventions (p = 0.15). Oral lactate administration lowered plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin (p = 0.02) and elevated glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1, p = 0.045), insulin (p < 0.001), and glucagon (p < 0.001) compared with iv administration. Oral lactate administration slowed gastric emptying (p < 0.001), increased the feeling of being "full" (p = 0.008) and lowered the "anticipated future food intake" (p = 0.007) compared with iv administration. Food intake during the ad libitum meal test did not differ between the two study days. CONCLUSION Oral lactate administration has a direct effect on the upper gastrointestinal tract, affecting gut hormone secretion, motility and appetite sensations which cannot be mediated through lactate in the systemic circulation alone. These data suggest that compounds rich in lactate may be useful in the treatment of metabolic disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT0429981, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04299815.
-
2.
Dose-dependent suppression of hunger by a specific alginate in a low-viscosity drink formulation.
Peters, HP, Koppert, RJ, Boers, HM, Ström, A, Melnikov, SM, Haddeman, E, Schuring, EA, Mela, DJ, Wiseman, SA
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2011;(6):1171-6
Abstract
Addition of specific types of alginates to drinks can enhance postmeal suppression of hunger, by forming strong gastric gels in the presence of calcium. However, some recent studies have not demonstrated an effect of alginate/calcium on appetite, perhaps because the selected alginates do not produce sufficiently strong gels or because the alginates were not sufficiently hydrated when consumed. Therefore, the objective of the study was to test effects on appetite of a strongly gelling and fully hydrated alginate in an acceptable, low-viscosity drink formulation. In a balanced order crossover design, 23 volunteers consumed a meal replacement drink containing protein and calcium and either 0 (control), 0.6, or 0.8% of a specific high-guluronate alginate. Appetite (six self-report scales) was measured for 5 h postconsumption. Relevant physicochemical properties of the drinks were measured, i.e., product viscosity and strength of gel formed under simulated gastric conditions. Hunger was robustly reduced (20-30% lower area under the curve) with 0.8% alginate (P < 0.001, analysis of covariance), an effect consistent across all appetite scales. Most effects were also significant with 0.6% alginate, and a clear dose-response observed. Gastric gel strength was 1.8 and 3.8 N for the 0.6 and 0.8% alginate drinks, respectively, while product viscosity was acceptable (<0.5 Pa.s at 10 s(-1)). We conclude that strongly gastric-gelling alginates at relatively low concentrations in a low-viscosity drink formulation produced a robust reduction in hunger responses. This and other related studies indicate that the specific alginate source and product matrix critically impacts upon apparent efficacy.
-
3.
Sibutramine has a positive effect on clinical and metabolic parameters in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Sabuncu, T, Harma, M, Harma, M, Nazligul, Y, Kilic, F
Fertility and sterility. 2003;(5):1199-204
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of sibutramine therapy alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate (EE-CPA) on the clinical and metabolic parameters of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Prospective randomized, controlled study. SETTING Endocrinology and gynecology clinics. PATIENT(S): Forty obese women with PCOS. INTERVENTION(S): Group 1 was treated with oral EE-CPA (35 microg-2 mg/day), group 2 with oral sibutramine (10 mg/day), and group 3 with a combination of EE-CPA plus sibutramine for 6 months. All groups were advised to consume a diet of 1200 kcal/day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): Measurements were performed before and 6 months after treatment of body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, total testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin during oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity index; area under the curve for glucose and insulin were obtained from OGTT. RESULT(S): Body mass index, Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, serum total testosterone, free testosterone, and DHEAS levels were significantly decreased and SHBG was significantly increased in all groups at the end of the study. WHR, diastolic blood pressure, and serum triglyceride level were significantly reduced only in the sibutramine group. CONCLUSION(S): Sibutramine might have a positive effect on hyperandrogenemia, and clinical and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in obese women with PCOS.
-
4.
Effects of sibutramine on binge eating, hunger, and fullness in a laboratory human feeding paradigm.
Mitchell, JE, Gosnell, BA, Roerig, JL, de Zwaan, M, Wonderlich, SA, Crosby, RD, Burgard, MA, Wambach, BN
Obesity research. 2003;(5):599-602
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sibutramine vs. placebo on binge-eating behavior, hunger, and satiety in patients who had problems with binge eating. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Seven adult subjects who had problems with binge eating (mean age, 42 years) were randomly assigned to receive alternating sibutramine and placebo in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. This involved two 4-week dosing periods separated by a 2-week washout. RESULTS Subjects lost weight on sibutramine but not on placebo. There was a significant difference in the number of kilocalories consumed between the sibutramine and placebo conditions, with a significant reduction of intake during binge-eating episodes on sibutramine. DISCUSSION Sibutramine suppresses intake during binge-eating episodes. This effect is demonstrable in a human feeding laboratory paradigm.
-
5.
Cholecystokinin and stomach distension combine to reduce food intake in humans.
Kissileff, HR, Carretta, JC, Geliebter, A, Pi-Sunyer, FX
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2003;(5):R992-8
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that gastric distension can enhance the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on reduction of food intake in men and women. Eight normal-weight subjects of each gender were tested four times each with either CCK or saline infusion crossed with gastric distension or no distension. Intravenous infusion of a low dose of CCK octapeptide (CCK-8; 112 ng/min for 23 min) combined with a subthreshold gastric distension induced by a water-filled balloon (300 ml) resulted in a significant (means +/- SED: 191 +/- 61 g in men, 209 +/- 61 g in women, and 200 +/- 43 g combined) reduction in intake of a liquid meal compared with saline infusion and unfilled gastric balloon. This combined effect was the result of a large and significant CCK effect when the stomach was distended (CCK vs. saline with distension: 169 +/- 43 g) and a small and insignificant distension effect (distension vs. no distension without CCK: 31 +/- 43 g). The CCK effect alone on intake (CCK vs. saline) without distension was not significant in men (72 +/- 61 g) but was significant in women (121 +/- 61 g). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CCK's suppression of food intake is enhanced when the stomach is distended.