-
1.
Consumption of Dairy Products in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese People: The Henan Rural Cohort Study and an Updated Meta-Analysis.
Fan, M, Li, Y, Wang, C, Mao, Z, Zhang, L, Yang, X, Cui, S, Li, L
Nutrients. 2020;(12)
Abstract
Recent studies on whether dairy consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results, so we explored the relationship between dairy consumption and T2DM through a large-sample, cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, summary relative risks (RRs) of 23 articles were compiled with a random effects model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model was used to explore whether there is a nonlinear relationship between dairy intake and T2DM risk. This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 38,735 participants of the Henan Rural Cohort study and the association between dairy consumption and T2DM was analyzed by a logistic regression model. The meta-analysis revealed a borderline negative significant association between total dairy intake and risk of T2DM, the RR and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.94; (0.89, 1.00), and the risk was lowest at 270 g daily dairy intake. In the cross-sectional study, there were 3654 T2DM patients and 68.3 percent of the respondents had no dairy intake. The average intake of dairy in the total population was 12 g per day. Fully adjusted analyses suggested positive associations, with an odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest with the zero intake of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.48) for all participants, which was unaffected by sex. Dairy intake in rural areas of Henan province is low, and we found, in the context of overall low dairy intake, that a high intake was positively associated with T2DM, which is inconsistent with the meta-analysis results suggesting that dairy has marginal protective effects against T2DM.
-
2.
Effect of high-fat diet on the pharmacokinetics and safety of flumatinib in healthy Chinese subjects.
Kuang, Y, Song, HL, Yang, GP, Pei, Q, Yang, XY, Ye, L, Yang, S, Wu, ST, Guo, C, He, QN, et al
Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2020;(3):339-346
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a high-fat diet on the pharmacokinetics and safety of flumatinib mesylate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS This study was a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period crossover trial in which subjects were randomly assigned to take 400 mg of flumatinib mesylate after a high-fat diet or a fasted state. After a 14-day washout period, the two groups were administered flumatinib mesylate under opposite conditions. Blood samples were collected at baseline 0 and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. Plasma concentrations of flumatinib and its metabolites (M1 and M3) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the non-compartmental module of the Phoenix WinNonlin Version 7.0 software. BE module of WinNonLin was used for statistical analysis of AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax in plasma. RESULTS Twelve healthy subjects, half male and half female, were enrolled. One subject withdrew due to a treatment-emergent adverse event. Eleven subjects were administered drugs on fasting and 12 were administered drugs after a high-fat diet. On high-fat diet/fasting, the least square geometric mean (LSGM) ratios of flumatinib, M1, M3, and their 90% confidence interval (CI) were as follows: for flumatinib, Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 281.65% (225.80-351.31%), 167.43% (143.92-194.79%), and 166.87% (143.47-194.09%); for M1, Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were 188.59% (145.29-244.79), 163.94% (149.11-180.24%), and 164.48% (150.36-179.94%); for M3, Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were 63.47% (54.02-74.57%), 85.23% (74.72-97.22%), and 96.73% (86.63-108.02%). CONCLUSION Among the subjects, oral administration of 400 mg of flumatinib was safe and well tolerated. High-fat diet significantly increases the exposure to flumatinib, therefore, fasting may be recommended. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at chictr.org Identifier: ChiCTR-IIR-17013179.
-
3.
The prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome in Chinese aging population.
Ge, H, Yang, Z, Li, X, Liu, D, Li, Y, Pan, Y, Luo, D, Wu, X
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):20034
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is hitting high notes in the aging society in China. However, the prevalence and associated factors in Chinese aging population lack clarity to some extent. In the present study, we projected to inquire into the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors by analyzing datasets downloaded from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Data comprising age, gender, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and health behaviors as well as blood biomarkers were subjected to descriptive statistics followed by univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. The overall prevalence of MetS was 33.38% (95% CI 32.42-34.34%). With age augments, prevalence increased during 40-70 years, while declined in participants aged 70 years above. Females had 2.94 times of risks (95% CI 2.55-3.39, P < 0.001). Marital status and alcohol consumption contributed nothing to the suffering of MetS. Participants with GDP per capita > 10,000 RMB and a non-agricultural hukou sustained higher risks than other participants (P < 0.05). Participants under education of middle school suffered 1.16 times of risks than other level of education (95% CI 1.01-1.34, P < 0.05). Smokers, participants with high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or hyperuricemia or high glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c sustained increased risks (P < 0.05). In Chinese aging population, with the augment of age, the prevalence ascended in men, while descended in women and was interfered by socioeconomic status, lifestyle and health behaviors as well as blood biomarkers, but not marital status and alcohol consumption.
-
4.
Association study of toll-like receptors 4 polymorphisms and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.
Zhou, JY, Huang, YQ, Zhang, XY, Zheng, PF, Li, P, Chen, Y, Shu, L
Ophthalmic genetics. 2020;(6):579-584
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (rs4986790, rs4986791) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but the results are still inconclusive. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between SNPs of TLR4 gene and AMD susceptibility. METHODS Relevant articles were obtained through computer retrieval of Pubmed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and China wanfang database. Eligible articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality scores were made for them by NOS-scale. Relevant data were extracted for meta-analysis. The combined OR value and 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the strength of the correlation. Funnel plot and Egger's regression were used to evaluate publication bias. All analyses were performed using STATA 11.0 software. RESULTS A total of nine case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. After combination, an significant association was found between rs4986790 polymorphism and AMD susceptibility in heterozygote model (AG vs. AA, OR = 1.400, 95%CI = 1.049-1.867, P = .022) and dominant model (GG+AG vs. AA, OR = 1.365, 95%CI = 1.028-1.813, P = .032). There was no association found between rs4986791 polymorphism and AMD susceptibility in all genetic models (all P > .05). Funnel plot and Egger's regression analysis showed no publication bias existed in this study. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis suggested that there is an association between TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism and AMD susceptibility, while no association between rs4986791 polymorphism and AMD susceptibility.
-
5.
Association between Chinese or South Asian ethnicity and end-of-life care in Ontario, Canada.
Yarnell, CJ, Fu, L, Bonares, MJ, Nayfeh, A, Fowler, RA
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 2020;(11):E266-E274
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnicity may be associated with important aspects of end-of-life care, such as what treatments are received, access to palliative care and where people die. However, most studies have focused on end-of-life care of white, Hispanic and black patients. We sought to compare end-of-life care delivered to people of Chinese and South Asian ethnicity with that delivered to others from the general population, in Ontario, Canada. METHODS In this population-based cohort study, we included all people who died in Ontario, Canada, between Apr. 1, 2004, and Mar. 31, 2015. People were identified as having Chinese or South Asian ethnicity on the basis of a validated surname algorithm. We used modified Poisson regression analyses to assess location of death and care received in the last 6 months of life. RESULTS We analyzed 967 339 decedents, including 18 959 (2.0%) of Chinese and 11 406 (1.2%) of South Asian ethnicity. Chinese (13.6%) and South Asian (18.5%) decedents were more likely than decedents from the general population (10.1%) to die in the intensive care unit (ICU). The adjusted relative risk of dying in intensive care was 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 1.27) for Chinese and 1.25 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.30) for South Asian decedents. In their last 6 months of life, decedents of Chinese and South Asian ethnicity experienced significantly more ICU admission, hospital admission, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, percutaneous feeding tube placement, tracheostomy and cardiopulmonary resuscitation than the general population. INTERPRETATION Decedents of Chinese and South Asian ethnicity in Ontario were more likely than decedents from the general population to receive aggressive care and to die in an ICU. These findings may be due to communication difficulties between patients and clinicians, differences in preferences about end-of-life care or differences in access to palliative care services.
-
6.
Impact of NR5A2 and RYR2 3'UTR polymorphisms on the risk of breast cancer in a Chinese Han population.
Wei, Y, Wang, X, Zhang, Z, Zhao, C, Chang, Y, Bian, Z, Zhao, X
Breast cancer research and treatment. 2020;(1):1-8
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The NR5A2 and RYR2 genes are important players in steroid metabolism and play an important role in cancer research. In this research, we want to evaluate the effect of NR5A2 and RYR2 polymorphisms on breast cancer (BC). METHODS Four single nucleotide polymorphisms on NR5A2 and RYR2 were selected to genotype by Agena MassARRAY in 379 BC patients and 407 healthy controls. Using the PLINK software to calculate the Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via the logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk for BC. RESULTS We found that NR5A2 rs2246209 significantly decreased the risk of BC with the AA genotype (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.34-0.99, p = 0.049), and recessive model (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.35-0.99, p = 0.046); rs12594 in the RYR2 gene significantly decreased the risk of BC in the GG genotype (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.22-0.88, p = 0.020), and recessive model (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.21-0.85, p = 0.016). Further stratification analysis showed that NR5A2 rs2246209 was related to a lower incidence of BC affected by age, lymph nodes metastasis, and tumor stage; RYR2 rs12594 was related to a decreased BC risk restricted by age, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), menopausal status, tumor size, and tumor stage. Rs12594 in the RyR2 gene remained significant on the genetic susceptibility of PR-positive BC after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0125). CONCLUSIONS This study provides an evidence that NR5A2 rs2246209 and RYR2 rs12594 decreased the risk of breast cancer.
-
7.
Coffee Consumption and Colon Cancer Risk: A Meta- Epidemiological Study of Asian Cohort Studies.
Bae, JM
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP. 2020;(5):1177-1179
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review reported that coffee consumption would decrease risk of colon cancer in Asian women. But the systematic review arises the issue of duplication, so that a meta-epidemiological study was conducted. METHODS The selection criteria were defined that a prospective cohort follow-up study conducted to evaluate coffee consumption and risk of colon cancer in Asian and showed adjusted relative risk and its 95% confidence interval. In order to conduct meta-analysis, the highest versus lowest method was applied to extract relative risk and its 95% confidence intervals of the highest category. Random effect model was applied if I-squared value was over 50%. RESULTS After avoiding duplication, 9 cohort data were selected for meta-analysis. The summary relative risk (and their 95% confidence intervals) [I-square value] were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.79-1.03) [0.0%] in men, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.36-1.15) [65.9%] in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that coffee consumption is not associated with the risk of colon cancer in Asian men and women. The findings of this study are consistent with the results of two systematic reviews conducted under the same hypothesis and selection criteria. Additional epidemiological studies are needed for the inflection of colon cancer risk as the dose of coffee increases and the difference in the protective effect by sex.
-
8.
Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians.
Lu, Y, Kweon, SS, Cai, Q, Tanikawa, C, Shu, XO, Jia, WH, Xiang, YB, Huyghe, JR, Harrison, TA, Kim, J, et al
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2020;(2):477-486
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of familial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, including 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 promising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls of European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed conditional analyses in East Asians. RESULTS An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk at P = 3.9 × 10-8 in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This association was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 × 10-3). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association at P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 × 10-8 and two variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 × 10-8; rs62558833, P = 7.5 × 10-8) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, using data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS. CONCLUSIONS In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for colorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the etiology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal cancer risk loci identified previously. IMPACT Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal cancer risk.
-
9.
Correlates of sedentary behaviour in Asian adults: A systematic review.
Müller, AM, Chen, B, Wang, NX, Whitton, C, Direito, A, Petrunoff, N, Müller-Riemenschneider, F
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2020;(4):e12976
Abstract
The objective of this study is to systematically review the evidence on correlates of sedentary behaviour (SB) among Asian adults. We searched for studies that examined individual, environmental, and political/cultural correlates of total and domain-specific SB (transport, occupation, leisure, and screen time) in Asian adults published from 2000 onwards in nine scientific databases. Two reviewers independently screened identified references. Following quality assessment of included studies, we performed narrative synthesis that considered differences based on SB measurements, regions, and population characteristics (PROSPERO CRD42018095268). We identified 13 249 papers of which we included 49, from four regions and 12 countries. Researchers conducted cross-sectional analyses and most relied on SB self-report for SB measurement. Of the 118 correlates studied, the following associations were consistent: higher age, living in an urban area (East Asia), and lower mental health with higher total SB; higher education with higher total and occupational SB; higher income with higher leisure-time SB; higher transit density with higher total SB in older East Asians; and being an unmarried women with higher SB in the Middle East. We encourage more research in non-high-income countries across regions, further exploration of important but neglected correlates using longitudinal designs and qualitative research, and the use of objective instruments to collect SB data.
-
10.
Observational and Genetic Associations of Body Mass Index and Hepatobiliary Diseases in a Relatively Lean Chinese Population.
Pang, Y, Kartsonaki, C, Lv, J, Millwood, IY, Yu, C, Guo, Y, Chen, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, J, et al
JAMA network open. 2020;(10):e2018721
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is some support for the existence of genetic associations between adiposity and certain hepatobiliary diseases in Western populations. However, there is little evidence of such genetic associations in China, where the causes of these diseases may differ from those in Western populations and the mean body mass index (BMI) is much lower. OBJECTIVES To compare the observational associations of BMI with hepatobiliary diseases and liver biomarkers with the genetic associations between BMI and these factors and to assess whether the genetic associations of BMI with liver diseases differed by hepatitis B virus infection status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used data from the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank, including 473 938 adults aged 30 to 79 years without hepatobiliary diseases at baseline from 10 diverse areas in China from June 25, 2004, to July 15, 2008. A random sample of 75 736 participants with genotyping data was included in the Mendelian randomization analysis. Follow-up was completed January 1, 2017 (median [interquartile range] length of follow-up, 10.2 [9.2-11.1] years). Data were analyzed from January to October 2019. EXPOSURES Measured BMI obtained during the baseline survey and genetically instrumented BMI derived using 92 single-nucleotide variations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident cases of hepatobiliary diseases, liver enzymes, fatty liver index, and fibrosis score. RESULTS Among 473 938 individuals (276 041 [58.2%] women), the mean (SD) age was 52 (10.9) years and mean (SD) BMI was 23.8 (3.4). Baseline BMI was associated with higher risks of chronic liver disease (adjusted risk ratio per 1-SD increase, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.17) and gallbladder disease (adjusted risk ratio per 1-SD increase, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.31), with heterogeneity by disease subtype (P < .001). Genetically instrumented BMI was associated with higher risks of chronic liver disease (risk ratio per 1-SD increase, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.24) and gallbladder disease (risk ratio per 1-SD increase, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.76), with no heterogeneity between subtypes. A meta-analysis of the genetic associations in China Kadoorie Biobank and those calculated in UK Biobank gave a risk ratio of 1.55 (95% CI, 1.30 to 1.84) for chronic liver disease and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.22 to 1.64) for gallbladder disease. In the China Kadoorie Biobank study, there were positive genetic associations of BMI with liver enzymes, steatosis, and fibrosis scores, consistent with observational associations. The genetic associations of BMI with liver diseases and biomarkers did not differ by hepatitis B virus infection status. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of a relatively lean Chinese population, there were positive genetic associations of BMI with hepatobiliary diseases. These results suggest that maintaining a healthy weight through diet and physical activity may help prevent hepatobiliary diseases.