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1.
Zinc supplementation is associated with a reduction in serum markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Hosseini, R, Ferns, GA, Sahebkar, A, Mirshekar, MA, Jalali, M
Cytokine. 2021;:155396
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is a trace metal that is considered to have an impact on chronic inflammation. However, findings of clinical trials have been inconsistent. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a more robust examination of the evidence on the effectiveness of Zn supplements on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was undertaken to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of Zn on inflammation and oxidative stress until 17 August 2020. We applied a random-effects method to obtain effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression was used to detect the potential source of between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-one eligible RCTs comprising 1321 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In comparison with the control groups, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.92 mg/L, 95% CI = [-1.36, -0.48], P < 0.001, I2 = 90.2%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (ES = -0.49 pg/mL, 95% CI = [-084, -0.14], P = 0.006, I2 = 34.6%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES = -0.42, 95% CI = [-083, -0.01], P = 0.04, I2 = 76.1%) were significantly reduced in the groups receiving Zn. Serum interleukin 6 (ES = -1.02 pg/mL, 95% CI = [-2.06, 0.02], P = 0.05, I2 = 92.3%) was marginally reduced following Zn supplementation. Moreover, treatment duration was found as the source of inter-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that Zn supplements reduce serum concentrations of markers of inflammation and oxidation: CRP, TNF-α and MDA.
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2.
Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hasani, M, Mansour, A, Asayesh, H, Djalalinia, S, Mahdavi Gorabi, A, Ochi, F, Qorbani, M
BMC cardiovascular disorders. 2021;(1):190
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists that glutamine plays multiple roles in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials aimed to assess the effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers. METHODS The processes of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed according to the PRISMA checklist. PubMed, Web of Sciences, Cochrane library, and Scopus databases were search for relevant studies without time or language restrictions up to December 30, 2020. All randomized clinical trials which assessed the effect of glutamine supplementation on "glycemic indices", "level of triglyceride, "and "inflammatory markers" were included in the study. The effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers was assessed using a standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between among studies was assessed using Cochran Q-statistic and I-square. Random/fixed-effects meta-analysis method was used to estimate the pooled SMD. The risk of bias for the included trials was evaluated using the Cochrane quality assessment tool. RESULTS In total, 12 studies that assessed the effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that glutamine supplementation significantly decreased significantly serum levels of FPG [SMD: - 0.73, 95% CI - 1.35, - 0.11, I2: 84.1%] and CRP [SMD: - 0.58, 95% CI - 0.1, - 0.17, I2: 0%]. The effect of glutamine supplementation on other cardiometabolic risk factors was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that glutamine supplementation might have a positive effect on FPG and CRP; both of which are crucial as cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, supplementation had no significant effect on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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3.
The effect of exercise intensity on chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rose, GL, Skinner, TL, Mielke, GI, Schaumberg, MA
Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2021;(4):345-351
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic inflammation is independently associated with the incidence and progression of chronic disease. Exercise has been found to reduce chronic inflammation, however the role of exercise intensity (work rate) is unknown. This review aimed to determine the pooled effect of higher- compared to lower-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise on chronic inflammation in adults. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched. Intervention trials that assessed the effect of ≥2 different exercise intensities on peripheral markers of chronic inflammation [c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10] in adults were included. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the mean difference in change scores between groups [effect size (ES)]. Sub-group analyses were performed to explore the influence of age, chronic disease, body mass index and intervention duration on inflammation heterogeneity. RESULTS Of 3952 studies identified, 27 were included. There were no significant effects of exercise intensity on IL-6 (ES=-0.039, 95%CI=-0.353-0.275; p=0.806), TNF-α (ES=0.296, 95%CI=-0.184-0.777; p=0.227) and IL-10 (ES=0.007, 95%CI=-0.904-0.919; p=0.987). A significant pooled ES was observed for higher- versus lower-intensity exercise on CRP concentrations, in studies of middle-aged adults (ES=-0.412, 95%CI=-0.821- -0.004, p=0.048) or interventions >9 weeks in duration (ES=-0.520, 95%CI=-0.882--0.159, p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Exercise intensity did not influence chronic inflammatory response. However, sub-analyses suggest that higher-intensity training may be more efficacious than lower-intensity for middle-aged adults, or when longer duration interventions are implemented (>9 weeks), in the most commonly-reported analyte (CRP).
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4.
The Effects of Zinc Supplementation on C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Cytokines: A Meta-Analysis and Systematical Review.
Ceylan, MN, Akdas, S, Yazihan, N
Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. 2021;(3):81-101
Abstract
Zinc is known for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles. In this meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the impact of zinc supplementation on inflammatory markers, acute-phase reactants, and serum zinc level during inflammatory and infectious diseases. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened systematically with the terms "zinc supplementation" AND "CRP" OR "IL-1β" OR "IL-2" OR "IL-6" OR "IL-10" OR "IL-12" OR "TNF-α" OR "TGF-β" OR "IFN-γ" OR "WBC (clinical trial)" OR "macrophage (clinical trial)" OR "lymphocyte (clinical trial)" OR "neutrophil (clinical trial)" OR "virus (clinical trial)" OR "antiviral (clinical trial)" for all databases. A total of 2,258 publications were screened, and 73 articles had suitable data for the meta-analysis. Serum zinc level was significantly higher in supplementation group compared with controls [P = 0.0006, mean difference: 11.35 (4.84, 17.87)] (n = 37). Zinc supplementation downregulates acute-phase reactants, especially serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults [P < 0.00001, mean difference: -0.75 (-0.98, -0.52)] (n = 22) and pregnant women [FEM P < 0.00001, mean difference: -1.77 (-2.53, -1.00)] (n = 3) but not in children [REM P = 0.10, mean difference: -0.85 (-1.86, 0.17)] (n = 3). In subgroups analysis of chronic inflammatory diseases, serum CRP [REM P < 0.00001, mean difference: -0.57 (-0.76, -0.38)] were significantly lower in zinc-supplemented patients compared with no intervention group. Zinc supplementation (mg/day) correlated with serum interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) level (P = 0.018, r = 1,000). In the nonsupplemented group, serum zinc correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level (P = 0.041, r = -0.829) and serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level (P = 0.063, r = 0.730). Zinc intake correlated with serum zinc (P = 0.0428, r = 0.5115) and TNF-α (P = 0.0043, r = -0.9461). This meta-analysis shows that zinc supplementation improves CRP levels in adults and pregnant women. It might have modulatory effects on cytokine secretions and blood cells in inflammatory and infectious diseases. For the first time, we investigated the effects of zinc supplementation on inflammatory cytokine.
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5.
The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on C-reactive protein levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Sarkhosh-Khorasani, S, Hosseinzadeh, M
The British journal of nutrition. 2021;(11):1230-1245
Abstract
Although grape polyphenols can decrease chronic inflammations, their effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels is still controversial. So, this meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of grape products containing polyphenols on CRP concentrations. In order to collect the relevant randomised controlled trials (RCT), the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to 30 March 2020. The random effects model, standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CI were applied in data analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted over seventeen eligible RCT containing a total of 668 participants. The study registration number is CRD42018110169. Based on the results, grape products containing polyphenols decreased CRP levels significantly (SMD = −0·229; 95 % CI −0·41, −0·05; P = 0·013). Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing each individual study and the results did not change. According to the subgroup analysis, higher doses of grape polyphenols (>500 mg/d) and longer intervention periods (≥12 weeks) had significant effects on CRP levels. Furthermore, grape polyphenols significantly reduced the CRP levels in patients with a clinical condition. In the same vein, grape seed extract and other grape products, such as grape extract, juice and raisins, decreased CRP levels significantly. According to the meta-regression results, the CRP level depends on the dose and duration of the grape polyphenol supplementation. Based on the findings, grape products containing polyphenols had a significant effect on CRP levels. Further well-designed and long-term clinical trials are highly recommended to achieve more comprehensive and accurate results.
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6.
The effect of resveratrol supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) in type 2 diabetic patients: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Hosseini, H, Koushki, M, Khodabandehloo, H, Fathi, M, Panahi, G, Teimouri, M, Majidi, Z, Meshkani, R
Complementary therapies in medicine. 2020;:102251
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered to be an inflammatory marker in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and it is produced by liver cells. The evidence has suggested that resveratrol has anti-inflammatory effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol supplementation on CRP level in patients with T2D using a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS Electronic databases were completely searched using Medline, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library and Scopus until October 2019. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model and inverse variance method. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated in selected studies. Sensitivity analyses and prespecified subgroup were conducted to evaluate potential heterogeneity. Meta-regression was performed to assess the effect of potential confounders on the estimated effect sizes. RESULTS Six trials comprising a total of 491 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed significant reduction in the level of CRP [SMD (-0.34 mg/l) (95 % CI, -0.52, to -0.16) p < 0.05] in participants with T2D following supplementation with resveratrol. No significant publication bias was observed in the meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated that the pooled effects of resveratrol supplementation on CRP level in T2D patients were affected by resveratrol dose and duration of resveratrol. Random-effects meta-regression did not indicate any significant association of CRP level with potential confounders including resveratrol dose, duration of treatment, age and gender of type 2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSION We found a significant reduction in CRP level in patients with type 2 diabetes, who received resveratrol supplementation.
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7.
The effects of soy supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asbaghi, O, Yaghubi, E, Nazarian, B, Kelishadi, MR, Khadem, H, Moodi, V, Naeini, F, Ghaedi, E
Cytokine. 2020;:155282
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy products contain several compounds with anti-inflammatory properties like genistein and daidzein which reported to act through different pathways. Present study conducted considering the inconsistent results and lack of any comprehensive review regarding randomized controlled trials which assess the effect of soy products on inflammatory markers. METHODS Following electronic databases were searched up to March 2020: PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, and Cochrane Library All randomized trials which assessed the effect of soy product supplementation on c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were included for last analysis. Treatment effects were expressed as mean difference (MD) and the standard deviation (SD) of outcomes. To estimate the overall effect the random-effects model was employed. RESULTS Finally, 51 randomized trial were included for present study. Last analysis showed that soy product supplementation lead to significant reduction in CRP (MD -0.27 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.02, p = 0.028) but it did not affect IL-6 (MD 0.0 pg/ml; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.06, p = 0.970) and TNF-α (MD = -0.04 pg/ml; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.03, p = 0.252). Subgroup analysis showed that soy supplementation had a significant impact on decreasing IL-6 and TNF-α levels when studies had a long-term intervention (≥12 weeks) and used low dose isoflavone (<100 mg/day). CONCLUSION In conclusion, present systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant reduction in CRP levels after soy supplementation whiles IL-6 and TNF-α did not affect.
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8.
Prebiotics may reduce serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and ghrelin in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
da Silva Borges, D, Fernandes, R, Thives Mello, A, da Silva Fontoura, E, Soares Dos Santos, AR, Santos de Moraes Trindade, EB
Nutrition reviews. 2020;(3):235-248
Abstract
CONTEXT Biochemical markers correlate positively with the development and severity of obesity, depression, and anxiety, and can be modulated by changes in intestinal microbiota composition. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of prebiotics or synbiotics on blood biomarkers of obesity, depression, and anxiety (including: ACTH [adrenocorticotropic hormone], cortisol, leptin, ghrelin, TSH [thyroid-stimulating hormone], PTH [parathyroid hormone], vitamin D, BDNF [brain-derived neurotrophic factor], and PCR [polymerase chain reaction]) in individuals with overweight or obesity. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched, along with the reference lists of included articles. Authors were contacted for unpublished data. STUDY SELECTION RCT in individuals with overweight or obesity, supplemented with prebiotics or synbiotics, assessing any of the outcomes of interest. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently by three researchers. RESULTS Thirteen studies were identified up to March 7, 2018. Regarding outcomes, 1 study assessed leptin, 4 studies assessed ghrelin, and 10 studies assessed CRP (C-reactive protein). Meta-analysis showed reduction in serum concentrations of ghrelin (-37.17 pg/mL; 95%CI = -69.62, -4.73; P = 0.025) and CRP (SMD [standardized mean difference] = -0.31; 95%CI = -0.58, -0.04; P = 0.027) after supplementation of inulin-type fructans. CONCLUSIONS Prebiotics may help regulate blood concentrations of ghrelin and CRP in overweight or obese individuals.
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9.
Coffee Consumption and C-Reactive Protein Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Moua, ED, Hu, C, Day, N, Hord, NG, Takata, Y
Nutrients. 2020;(5)
Abstract
Coffee contains bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, and its consumption may reduce c-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a biomarker of chronic inflammation. A previous meta-analysis reported no overall association between blood CRP level and coffee consumption by modeling the coffee consumption in categories, with substantial heterogeneity. However, the coffee cup volume was not considered. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis investigating the association between coffee consumption and CRP levels reported in previous observational studies. A dose-response meta-analysis was conducted by mixed-effects meta-regression models using the volume of coffee consumed as metric. Eleven studies from three continents were identified using the PubMed database, totaling 61,047 participants. Three studies with the largest sample sizes observed a statistically significant association between coffee and CRP levels, which was inverse among European and United States (US) women and Japanese men (1.3%-5.5% decrease in CRP per 100 mL of coffee consumed) and positive among European men (2.2% increase). Other studies showed no statistically significant associations. When all studies were combined in the dose-response meta-analysis, no statistically significant associations were observed among all participants or when stratified by gender or geographic location, reflecting the conflicting associations reported in the included studies. Further studies are warranted to explore these inconsistent associations.
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10.
Association between Rosacea and Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Li, Y, Guo, L, Hao, D, Li, X, Wang, Y, Jiang, X
BioMed research international. 2020;:7015249
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disorder. Several studies, but not all, have suggested a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in rosacea patients. This study is aimed at investigating the association between rosacea and CVDs and related risk factors. METHODS We performed a literature search through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, from their respective inception to December 21, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted data, and performed analysis, following the PRISMA guidelines. Odds ratios (OR) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes. The included studies' quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS The final meta-analysis included ten studies. The pooled analysis found no association between rosacea prevalence and the incidence of CVDs (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.86-1.10). Rosacea was found to be significantly associated with several risk factors for CVDs (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.05-1.31), including hypertension (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.02-1.35), dyslipidemia (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.00-1.79), and metabolic syndrome (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.09-2.72). However, no association was found between rosacea and diabetes mellitus (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.82-1.16). Among the biological parameters, a significant association was found between rosacea and total cholesterol (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI = -0.00, 0.81; p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.56; p < 0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.41; p < 0.05). We found no association between rosacea and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = 0.00; 95% CI = -0.18, 0.18; p = 0.968) or triglycerides (SMD = 0.10; 95% CI = -0.04, 0.24; p = 0.171). CONCLUSIONS Although no significant association was found between rosacea and CVDs, rosacea was found to be associated with several of related risk factors. Patients with rosacea should pay more attention to identifiable CVD risk factors, especially those related to inflammatory and metabolic disorders.