-
1.
Green tea and the risk of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Guo, Y, Zhi, F, Chen, P, Zhao, K, Xiang, H, Mao, Q, Wang, X, Zhang, X
Medicine. 2017;(13):e6426
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) now remains the 2nd most frequently diagnosed cancer. In recent years, chemoprevention for PCa becomes a possible concept. Especially, many phytochemicals rich foods are suggested to lower the risk of cancer. Among these foods, green tea is considered as effective prevention for various cancers. However, clinical trials and previous meta-analyses on the relationship between green tea consumption and the risk of PCa have produced inconsistent outcomes. This study aims to determine the dose-response association of green tea intake with PCa risk and the preventive effect of green tea catechins on PCa risk. Seven observational studies and 3 randomized controlled trials were retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Sciencedirect Online, and hand searching. The STATA (version 12.0) was applied to analyze the data. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals were pooled by fixed or random effect modeling. Dose-response relations were evaluated with categories of green tea intake. Although there was no statistical significance in the comparison of the highest versus lowest category, there was a trend of reduced incidence of PCa with each 1 cup/day increase of green tea (P = 0.08). Our dose-response meta-analysis further demonstrated that higher green tea consumption was linearly associated with a reduced risk of PCa with more than 7 cups/day. In addition, green tea catechins were effective for preventing PCa with an RR of 0.38 (P = 0.02). In conclusion, our dose-response meta-analysis evaluated the association of green tea intake with PCa risk systematically and quantitatively. And this is the first meta-analysis of green tea catechins consumption and PCa incidence. Our novel data demonstrated that higher green tea consumption was linearly reduced PCa risk with more than 7 cups/day and green tea catechins were effective for preventing PCa. However, further studies are required to substantiate these conclusions.
-
2.
Significant response of pituitary carcinoma to carboplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil chemotherapy: a pediatric case report and review of the literature.
AbdelBaki, MS, Waguespack, SG, Salceda, V, Jones, J, Stapleton, SL, Baskin, DS, Okcu, MF
Journal of neuro-oncology. 2017;(1):213-215
-
3.
Breast lesions of uncertain malignant nature and limited metastatic potential: proposals to improve their recognition and clinical management.
Rakha, EA, Badve, S, Eusebi, V, Reis-Filho, JS, Fox, SB, Dabbs, DJ, Decker, T, Hodi, Z, Ichihara, S, Lee, AH, et al
Histopathology. 2016;(1):45-56
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Breast lesions comprise a family of heterogeneous entities with variable patterns of presentation, morphology and clinical behaviour. The majority of breast lesions are classified traditionally into benign and malignant conditions and their behaviour can, in the vast majority of cases, be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy. However, there remain lesions which show borderline features and lie in a grey zone between benign and malignant, as their behaviour cannot be predicted reliably. Defined pathological categorization of such lesions is challenging, and for some entities is recognized to be subjective and include a range of diagnoses, and forms of terminology, which may trigger over- or undertreatment. The rarity of these lesions makes the acquisition of clinical evidence problematic and limits the development of a sufficient evidence base to support informed decision-making by clinicians and patients. Emerging molecular evidence is providing a greater understanding of the biology of these lesions, but this may or may not be reflected in their clinical behaviour. Herein we discuss some breast lesions that are associated with uncertainty regarding classification and behaviour, and hence management. These include biologically invasive malignant lesions associated with uncertain metastatic potential, such as low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, low-grade fibromatosis-like spindle cell carcinoma and encapsulated papillary carcinoma. Other lesions of uncertain malignant nature remain, such as mammary cylindroma, atypical microglandular adenosis, mammary pleomorphic adenoma and infiltrating epitheliosis. The concept of categories of (1) breast lesions of uncertain malignant nature and (2) breast lesions of limited metastatic potential are proposed with details of which histological entities could be included in each category, and their management implications are discussed.
-
4.
[Pregnancy-associated Breast Cancer].
Tesařová, P
Klinicka onkologie : casopis Ceske a Slovenske onkologicke spolecnosti. 2016;:S16-22
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer is defined as carcinoma diagnosed during pregnancy or breastfeeding, up to a year after delivery. Pregnant patients with breast cancer can be treated using procedures for non-pregnant patients, with some modifications designed to avoid damage to the fetus. Breastfeeding breast cancer patients need to stop immediately. Abortion before start of treatment or during therapy does not increase survival of these patients. Chemotherapy of breast cancer may start roughly from the second month of pregnancy. Effective treatment with anthracyclines, taxanes, and cisplatin is relatively safe for both mother and fetus. During pregnancy, patients can undergo surgery but are unable to undergo radiotherapy. Also, hormonal therapy and trastuzumab treatment is not safe for pregnant women with breast cancer. Prognosis of pregnant breast cancer patients is similar to non-pregnant patients. Worse prognosis was noted for breast cancer patients diagnosed during breastfeeding. After the cancer treatment is finished, breastfeeding is completely safe, but technical reasons it can usually only be done using the contra-lateral breast. Children of mothers who were treated for breast cancer during pregnancy do not show any worsening of physical and psychiatric parameters of development. Pregnancy following treatment for breast cancer does not affect the patients prognosis in a negative way, according to clinical studies, not even in patients who suffered from a hormonal-dependent carcinoma.Key words: breast cancer - pregnancy - breastfeeding - chemotherapy - radiotherapy - biological treatment - hormonal therapyThe author declares she has no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 10. 7. 2016Accepted: 20. 7. 2016.
-
5.
Radiation-induced temporo-mandibular joint disorder in post-radiotherapy nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: assessment and treatment.
Wu, VW, Lam, YN
Journal of medical radiation sciences. 2016;(2):124-32
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in southern China, and its incidence in Hong Kong is relatively high. Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for NPC due to its relatively high radiosensitivity and deep-seated anatomical position, which is not readily accessible by surgery. Although the technique of radiotherapy in NPC has been advancing and offers promising treatment outcome, complications around the irradiation areas are inevitable and the quality of life of the post-radiotherapy patients is often compromised. Trismus, which is defined as the restricted mouth opening or jaw movement due to the disorder of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ), is one of the possible late complications for radiotherapy of NPC and is found in 5-17% of the post-radiotherapy (post-RT) patients. Trismus at early stage may only affect the speech, but in severe cases nutritional intake and oral hygiene condition may deteriorate seriously. This article reviewed the possible causes of radiation-induced TMJ damage, the various assessments including imaging modalities and possible treatments. The conclusion is that the availability of simple, yet effective examinations for trismus is essential for delaying the progression and restoring TMJ functions. Although there is no absolutely effective treatment for trismus, many supportive, restorative and palliative management are possible under different clinical situations.
-
6.
Toxic Effects of Sorafenib in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Compared With Other Cancers.
Jean, GW, Mani, RM, Jaffry, A, Khan, SA
JAMA oncology. 2016;(4):529-34
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sorafenib is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for metastatic, radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. However, adverse effects common to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor class occur at a noticeably higher rate with sorafenib use in thyroid cancer patients. The mechanism for this increase in toxic effects is unknown. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the adverse effect profile of sorafenib in differentiated thyroid cancer and summarizes the literature regarding the frequency and etiology of selected adverse effects, with particular emphasis on the hand-foot skin reaction. EVIDENCE REVIEW A PubMed database search for relevant literature on this topic published within the last 15 years was conducted. Publications dealing with sorafenib and any of its common adverse effects were considered; this included randomized trials, observational studies, case reports or case series, and pertinent review articles. Given the lack of widespread literature on the topic, articles were generally not excluded from consideration unless there were serious flaws in study design. FINDINGS The DECISION trial of sorafenib in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer demonstrated significantly higher rates of common adverse effects, most notably hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, and hypertension, compared with sorafenib experience in renal or hepatocellular cancer. Other phase 2 and 3 trials have also consistently shown these differences. This review details the putative mechanisms behind the increase in toxic effects, but further work is needed to fully explain the toxic effects differential seen when using the same drug in different cancers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There is a distinct increase in the rate of occurrence of adverse effects of sorafenib when used in differentiated thyroid cancer compared with renal and hepatocellular cancer. While many theoretical explanations have been proposed, the exact mechanism for this differential in toxic effects remains unclear.
-
7.
Current Guidelines for Postoperative Treatment and Follow-Up of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.
Yoo, JY, Stang, MT
Surgical oncology clinics of North America. 2016;(1):41-59
Abstract
Well-differentiated thyroid cancer is increasing in incidence but the disease-specific mortality remains very low. The only effective adjuvant treatment is radioactive iodine ablation. Guidelines regarding the use and dosage of radioactive iodine depend on pathologic features of the primary and metastatic tumor that define risk. Long-term treatment includes thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression and surveillance with serum thyroglobulin and radiologic assessment for nodal recurrence.
-
8.
Incidentally Visualization of the Thymus on Whole-Body Iodine Scintigraphy: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Latest Insights.
Haghighatafshar, M, Farhoudi, F
Medicine. 2015;(26):e1015
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Radioiodine uptake is not commonly seen by the thymus gland. On the contrary, the gland is slowly replaced by fat after puberty. Herein, we present 2 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular variant, and cervical lymph node involvement. After total/near-total thyroidectomy, the patients received I for ablation therapy. On posttreatment radioiodine scintigraphy, mediastinal I uptake was noted that finally was histologically/anatomically diagnosed as thymus gland uptake. It should be borne in mind as a potential cause of false-positive whole-body I scintigraphy.
-
9.
Conservative or radical surgery for pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature.
Jin, X, Masterson, L, Patel, A, Hook, L, Nicholson, J, Jefferies, S, Gaze, M, Nassif, R, Eller, R, Hulse, T, et al
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 2015;(10):1620-4
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by an aggressive clinical course. Early diagnosis is a challenge and treatment consists principally of partial or total thyroidectomy±neck dissection and radioactive iodine therapy. Due to the rarity of PTC in children, there is no consensus on optimal surgical treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane and Web of Science. Seven studies (489 patients) investigating the outcome of surgically managed pediatric PTC were identified. No clear advantage in survival or recurrence rate was found for total thyroidectomy compared to other surgical approaches. CONCLUSION Despite the aggressive behavior of PTC, prognosis is good, with low mortality. After removal of disease and prevention of recurrence, reduction of iatrogenic complications are a priority in this age group. Due to the paucity of available evidence, this review cannot recommend conservative or radical surgery for pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. To answer this question, we recommend the establishment of a randomized controlled trial with adequately matched baseline variables.
-
10.
Intermediate and long-term adverse effects of radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma--a systematic review.
Clement, SC, Peeters, RP, Ronckers, CM, Links, TP, van den Heuvel-Eibrink, MM, Nieveen van Dijkum, EJ, van Rijn, RR, van der Pal, HJ, Neggers, SJ, Kremer, LC, et al
Cancer treatment reviews. 2015;(10):925-34
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) often involves administration of radioactive iodine (I-131) for remnant ablation or adjuvant therapy. As DTC has favorable outcome and the incidence is increasing, concerns have been raised about the possible adverse effects of I-131 therapy. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine the risk of intermediate and long-term adverse effects of I-131 therapy in DTC patients. METHODS Multiple electronic databases were searched up to November 2014 for English-language, controlled studies that reported on the risk of salivary gland dysfunction, lacrimal gland dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction, female reproductive outcomes or second primary malignancies (SPM) after I-131 exposure. The certainty of the evidence found was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS In total, 37 articles met all inclusion criteria, no studies reporting on adverse effects after I-131 treatment focused solely on children. After exposure to I-131 for DTC, patients experienced significantly more frequently salivary gland dysfunction (prevalence range: 16-54%, moderate-level evidence), lacrimal gland dysfunction (prevalence: 11%, low-level evidence), transient male gonadal dysfunction (prevalence: 35-100%, high-level evidence), transient female gonadal dysfunction (prevalence: 28%, low-level evidence) and SPM (prevalence: 2.7-8.7%, moderate-level evidence) compared to unexposed patients. I-131 therapy seems to have no deleterious effects on female reproductive outcomes (very-low level evidence). The prevalence and severity of adverse effects were correlated to increasing cumulative I-131 activity. CONCLUSION Treatment with I-131 for DTC may have significant adverse effects, which seem to be dose dependent. These adverse effects of treatment must be balanced when choosing for I-131 therapy in patients with DTC.